Anatomy & Physiology I: Chapter 8 (Unfinished)

What is a joint or articulation

It is a point where two or more bones meet.

What are the three classes of functional joints?

Synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses.

What are synarthroses?

What are amphiarthroses?

What are diarthroses?

What is a structural joint?

A joint that is defined by connective tissue type and cavity presence

What are the 3 structural classes of joints

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial.

What is the only structural class that is freely movable?

What is a fibrous joint?

They are connected by dense connective tissue and have no joint cavity.

What are the three types of fibrous joints?

Sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses.

What are sutures?

What is an example of a suture?

What are syndesmoses?

What is an example of a syndesmoses?

What are gomphoses?

What is an example of a gomphoses?

What are cartilaginous joints?

They are connected entirely by cartilage and lack a joint cavity.

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

Synchondroses and symphyses.

What are synchondroses?

What is an example of a synchondroses?

The epiphyseal plate, and of a symphysis is the pubic symphysis.

What are symphyses?

What is an example of a symphyses?

Which type of cartilaginous joint features fibrocartilage?

Which type of cartilaginous joint moves?

Which type of cartilaginous joint does not move?

What is a synovial joint?

What are the six features of a synovial joint?

1. Articular capsule, 2. Synovial cavity, 3. Synovial fluid, 4. Articular cartilage, 5. Reinforcing ligaments, & 6. nerves & blood vessels.

What is the articular capsule?

What is the inner synovial membrane?

What is the synovial cavity?

What is synovial fluid?

What is articular cartilage?

What are reinforcing ligaments?

What is the purpose of reinforcing ligaments?

The purpose of reinforcing ligaments is to provide stability to the joint.

What are capsular ligaments?

What are intracapsular ligaments?

What are extracapsular ligaments?

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

Plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, and ball-and-socket joints.

What are bursae?

They are fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between moving structures.

What are the tendon sheaths?

They are specialized bursae that wrap around tendons.

What is the difference between bursae and tendon sheaths

What is the function of articular cartilage?

To provide a smooth, lubricated surface for joint movement.

How does the synovial cavity reduce friction in a joint?

The synovial cavity reduces friction in a joint by providing lubrication through synovial fluid.

What are three factors that influence the stability of a synovial joint?

The shape of the articular surface, The number of ligaments, & the muscle tone

How does the shape of the articular surface influence the stability of a synovial joint?

The shallower, the less stable. The deeper, the more stable.

How does the number of ligaments influence the stability of a synovial joint?

How does the muscle tone influence the stability of a synovial joint?

Types of movement at synovial joints

The three types of movement at synovial joints are gliding, angular, and rotational movements.

Hip joint stability

The hip joint is more stable than the shoulder joint due to its deeper socket and stronger ligaments.

What are the three joint injuries

Sprains, strains, and tears of cartilage or ligaments.

Healing of cartilage and ligament tears

Cartilage and ligament tears heal poorly due to limited blood supply.

Treatment options for tears

Treatment options for cartilage and ligament tears include rest, ice, compression, elevation, and surgical intervention if necessary.

What is bursitis?

The inflammation of the bursae

What is tendonitis?

The inflammation of the tendons

What is arthritis?

The inflammation of the joints

What are the two types of arthritis?

Osteoarthritis & rheumatoid arthritis

What is osteoarthritis?

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

What is the difference beyween osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis?

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease, while rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder affecting the joints.