Stoichiometry and Chemical Reactions

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to stoichiometry and chemical reactions.

Stoichiometry

The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions.

Reactants

The starting substances in a chemical reaction, found on the left side of the equation.

Products

The substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction, found on the right side of the equation.

Coefficients

Numbers placed before compounds in a chemical equation to balance the equation.

Subscripts

Numbers that indicate the number of atoms of each element in a molecule.

Combination reaction

A reaction where two or more substances combine to form one product.

Decomposition reaction

A reaction where one substance breaks down into two or more substances.

Combustion reaction

A rapid chemical reaction involving oxygen, often producing heat and light.

Formula weight (FW)

The sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in a chemical formula.

Molecular weight (MW)

The sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in a molecule.

Percent composition

The percentage by mass of each element in a compound.

Mole

A unit to measure the amount of substance, equivalent to 6.022141 x 10^23 entities.

Molar mass

The mass of one mole of a substance, expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).

Limiting reactant

The reactant that is completely consumed in a reaction, limiting the amount of product formed.

Theoretical yield

The maximum amount of product that can be produced from a given amount of reactants.

Actual yield

The amount of product actually produced from a reaction.

Percent yield

A comparison of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage.

Balanced equation

An equation that has the same number of atoms of each element on both the reactants and products sides.

Avogadro's number

The number of atoms or molecules in one mole of a substance, approximately 6.022 x 10^23.

Stoichiometric calculations

Calculations used to predict the quantities of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.

Empirical formula

The simplest whole number ratio of elements in a compound.