Physics Topic Test
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Last updated 8:05 AM on 8/31/24
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40 Terms
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Length (S.I. Unit)
The fundamental quantity of distance in physics, measured in meters (m).
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Mass (S.I. Unit)
The amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms (kg).
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Time (S.I. Unit)
The dimension that measures the duration of events, measured in seconds (s).
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Common Multipliers
Prefixes used to denote powers of ten: Micro- (10⁻⁶), Milli- (10⁻³), Centi- (10⁻²), Kilo- (10³), Mega- (10⁶), Giga- (10⁹).
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Scalar Quantity
A physical quantity that has magnitude only, without direction (e.g., temperature, mass).
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Vector Quantity
A physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction (e.g., velocity, force).
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Vector Diagram
A graphical representation of vectors where arrows denote magnitude and direction; used to find the resultant vector by vector addition.
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Distance
The total length of the path traveled by an object, irrespective of direction.
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Displacement
The straight-line distance and direction from the starting point to the ending point of an object's motion.
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True Bearing
The direction of a vector relative to a reference direction, calculated using trigonometric functions.
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Speed
The rate of change of distance with respect to time, a scalar quantity.
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Velocity
The rate of change of displacement with respect to time, a vector quantity.
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Average Speed
The total distance traveled divided by the total time taken.
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Average Velocity
The total displacement divided by the total time taken.
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Acceleration
The rate of change of velocity with respect to time.
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a = (v – u)/t
Formula for acceleration, where 'v' is final velocity, 'u' is initial velocity, and 't' is time.
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v = u + at
Formula for final velocity in uniformly accelerated motion.
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s = ut + ½ at²
Formula for displacement in uniformly accelerated motion.
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v² = u² + 2as
Formula relating final velocity, initial velocity, acceleration, and displacement.
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Displacement-Time Graph
A graph that shows how displacement changes over time; the slope represents velocity.
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Velocity-Time Graph
A graph that shows how velocity changes over time; the slope represents acceleration.
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Gradient of Velocity-Time Graph
Represents the acceleration of an object.
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Acceleration Due to Gravity
The constant acceleration experienced by objects in free fall near the Earth's surface, approximately 9.80 m/s².
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Force
An interaction that causes a change in the motion of an object, measured in Newtons (N).
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Resultant Force
The single force that has the same effect as the combination of all individual forces acting on an object.
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Inertia
The property of an object to resist changes in its state of motion; directly related to its mass.
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Newton’s 1st Law
An object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
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Newton’s 2nd Law
The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass (F = ma).
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Newton’s 3rd Law
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
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Weight
The gravitational force acting on an object, calculated as W = mg, where 'm' is mass and 'g' is the acceleration due to gravity.
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Work (W)
The energy transferred when a force moves an object through a distance, calculated as W = Fs, where 'F' is force and 's' is displacement.
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Energy
The capacity to do work, measured in Joules (J).
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Energy Transformation
The process of converting energy from one form to another (e.g., mechanical to thermal energy).
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Energy Transfer
The movement of energy from one place or object to another without changing its form.
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Kinetic Energy (KE)
The energy an object has due to its motion, calculated as KE = ½ mv², where 'm' is mass and 'v' is velocity.
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Gravitational Potential Energy (EP)
The energy stored in an object due to its position in a gravitational field, calculated as EP = mgh, where 'm' is mass, 'g' is gravitational acceleration, and 'h' is height.
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Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another or transferred.
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Power
The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred, measured in Watts (W).
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P = W/t
Formula for power, where 'W' is work done and 't' is time.
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Efficiency
The ratio of useful energy output to total energy input, often expressed as a percentage.
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