0.3 Cultural variations in attachments

what is meta analysis

combining data from multiple studies to draw a single new conclusion

what are the types of culture

• individualistic 

  • independence, own goal 

• collectivist

  • cooperation with each person working towards the family or group goals

what was the main research

cross cultural research

Van Ijendoorn + Krooneberg

research conducted using the same paradigm in various cultures

what did the cross cultural research involve

research conducted using the same paradigm in various cultures

• 32 samples in 8 different countries

• used the strange situation

• observed only mother-infant pairs

• classified infants into attachment types

how many studies in USA compared to others

18

others:

• 1 × 3

• 2 × 2

• 3

• 4

what is the most common attachment type in cross cultural research

secure

what is the least common attachment type in cross cultural research

resistant

which country has the highest % of avoidant attachment type

Germany - 35%

which country has the highest % of resistant attachment types

Isreal - 29%

which country has the highest % of secure attachment type

UK - 75%

why does germany is high avoidant % 

Grossman 

germans raise independent children 

avoid dictatorship after Hitler

why does Isreal have high %

raised in Kibbutz communities

statistic to shown differences within countries

intra-cultural variations are 1.5 times greater than cross-cultural variations

who looked into ethnocentrism and cultural relativism

Takahashi

• removed infant alone phase

• which decreased levels of insecurely resistant children

found

0% avoidant

32% resistant

68% secure

90% of infant alone steps were stopped due to excessive infant anxiety

where were the lowest % of securely attached from

China 

50% 

what is the continuity hypothesis

passing down of attachment style