unit 9 history

11th us history

fascism

- a militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader
- extreme form of nationalism
- ex: japan, italy, germany

fascist leaders

- japan: hirohito (emperor) and hideki tojo (military general)
- italy: benito mussolini
- germany: adolf hitler

allied powers

great britain, france, soviet union, and united states

axis powers

germany, italy, japan

pearl harbor

japan bombed the us naval base causing the us to officially enter the war

pacific theater

the part of the war that took place on the islands in the pacific ocean

battle of midway

- turning point of war in the pacific theater
- allies showed superior naval forces and stopped the advance of the japanese
- morale boost for the us

island hopping

the allies attacked islands where japan was weak and skipped those where japan was strong

iwo jima

victory that brought the us within 750 miles of japan's capital

manhattan project

- code name for a secret research program whose goal was to build an atomic weapon
- complete at los alamos facility in new mexico

hiroshima and nagasaki

led to japanese surrender after dropping atomic bombs on the the cities

european theater

battles that took place in mainland europe

invasion of sicily

- us and britain invaded europe
- removed italy from the war
- forced germany to divert resources to the area

operation overlord (d-day)

- aka invasion of normandy
- allied victory
- marked the turn of the tide in europe
- major turning point in the war

battle of the bulge

- germans final push against the allies in france
- allies won

yalta conference

great britain, us, and soviet union met on how they would organize post-war europe

fall of berlin

at the battle of berlin, germany's capital was captured

ww2 homefront

how the citizens at home (not fighting) supported the war

wartime mobilization/conversion

significant increase in the manufacturing and production of war materials

rationing

us relied on those at home to ratio, or limit, products they use and consume

women in the war effort

they worked in factories, businesses, as military nurses, and as wartime photographers

african americans in the war effort

- fought in segregated units
- fought in north africa, italy, and led bombing campaigns over nazi germany
- factories resisted them causing a union to threaten a protest, which led to FDR signing an order declaring no discrimination in the workplace (fair employment practices commission)

japanese internment/ executive order 9066

- after peal harbor, us gov feared japanese-americans would attack the war effort at home
- list of enemy aliens was created (former citizens of germany, italy, and japan)
- west coast was designated a security zone and all potential "enemies" were to be removed
- executive order 9066: over 110,000 japanese-americans were removed from the west and relocated under this law