APUSH UNIT 1

what was north america like before colonizers

diverse, different religion, different land ownership

reasons for European colonization

improved technology, religious conflicts, trade, growing European competition

the columbian exchange

transfer of plants, animals, and germs between the old and new world

how did spain colonize

focused on economics and religion

how did france colonize

saw indians as trade partners

how did the dutch colonize

dutch west india company

encomienda system

give land and native slaves to spaniards

pueblo revolt

revolt against the spanish attempts to convert natives to christianity

de las casas

wanted fair treatment for native americans

3 reasons for colonization

economics, religion, demographics

powhatan confederacy

wanted guns for conflict with other nations

john rolfe

crossbred tobacco and made cash crop which meant more labor was needed and switched from indentured servitude to slavery

headright system

50 acres of land and another 50 for each servant

new england colonies

theocrocy, puritans, middle class families, family farming, community centered on the church

mayflower compact

first written constitution in america

massachusetts

john winthrup “City on a hill” goldly community

rogger williams

individual conscience is beyond religious authority

advocated for separation of church and state

banished from Massachusetts and formed Rhode island

rhode island

recognized NA rights, gov had complete religious toleration

middle colonies

extremely diverse, economics, money and commerce, large cities

new york

based on commerce, welcome settlers from all nations

pennsylvania

william penn, quakers who were extrememly tolerant

chesapeake and southern colonies

climate for cash crops, plentiful land scarce labor, planter elite, few cities

king philips war

bloodier than american revolution, colonists won, king phillip is killed and fam is sold into slavery

bacons rebellion

LEADS TO FULL SHIFT OF SLAVERY

small farmers were heavily taxed and on the outskirts had conflict with natives and governor does nothing so bacon attacks and make him flea

stono rebellion

LEADS TO STRICT SLAVE LAWS

twenty slaves escape and take guns, colonial militia captured most

new england demographics

huge pop increase, high life expectancy, wanted kids to help w farming, more balanced pop between men and women

the south demographics

high infant mortality rate, no medicine, women died in birth, more men than women

mercantile system

worlds supply of resources is fixed, colonies serve economic purpose of the parent country

navigation acts

laws designed to ensure that colonies were serving economic purpose

1651: imported goods must come from english ships

1660: crews must be ¾ english, listed goods ONLY allowed to be sold to england

1663: all ships stop in england for inspection

glorious revolution

not bloody, willam and mary peacefully invited to take the throne by King James ll

english bill of rights and toleration act

freedom of worship for all christans, limited power of monarch

john locke

life liberty pursuit of happiness, if rights are violated its their right to overthrow the gov

salutary neglect

relaxed enforcement of navigation acts, ave colonists sense of independence

french and indian war

britian vs france, britian wins, end of salutary neglect and the debt from war leads to high taxes on colonists

proclamation line 1763

new land for american colonies west of Appalachians, natives got mad lead to Pontiac rebellion, banned settlement west of Appalachians

sugar act 1764

new taxes on foreign imports, first time parliament taxed for revenue

currency act 1764

banned printing paper money

stamp act 1765

revenue stamps must be purchased and attached to all printed matter, taxes came from colonists pockets

who did stamp act mostly affect

all colonists, mostly the articulate like lawyers

sons and daughters of liberty

sam adams and john hancock

intimidation to enforce british taxation ( tar and feather)

virgina resolves

puts no taxation wout representation into writing

stamp act congress

declaration of rights and grievances , petitions the repeal of the stamp act

Townshend acts 1767

revenue act 1767 : small taxes add up to a lot taxed british goods too

dickensons letters

parliment has the right to regulate trade but not tax for revenue

boston massacre

british troops open fire on colonial crows, makes the townshend acts be repealed

boston tea party

colonial patriots boarded ships and dumped 342 chests of tea into harbor

coercive acts 1774

MADE TO PUNISH BOSTON

boston port act : closed boston harbor until tea was paid for

new quartering act : local authorities must provide housing for british soilders

british general replaces governor : puts boston under martial law

first continental congress

philadelphia 55 delegates

coercive acts are null and void, boycotting, declared american rights, no tax wout rep

british response to first continental congress

parliament declares mass. in rebellion, no trade w other nations, tried to negotiate colonists saw it as too little too late

battle of bunker hill

colonists are victorious and made english generals coutious

second continental congress

declaration of causes and necessity, rejected indy but states that colonists would fight for their rights

Olive branch petition

asks king george to end hostilities

common sense

thomas paine wrote this pamphlet to convince colonists to fight or support fighting for indy

dec of indy

july 4 1776 public explanation and rationale for indy