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Cultural Relativism
The principle that an individual’s beliefs and activities should be understood in the context of their own culture.
Violence Against Women (VAW)
Acts of violence that occur in the public or private sphere, perpetrated against women, including physical, sexual, and psychological harm.
Gender Gulf/Missing Females
Demographic imbalance induced by cultural practices like female infanticide and sex-selective abortion, resulting in a surplus of males over females.
Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf
The first elected female head of state in Africa, serving as President of Liberia from 2006 to 2018, known for advocating for women’s rights.
Catherine Samba-Panza
Transitional president of the Central African Republic from January 2014 to March 2016, known for promoting women's roles in governance.
CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women)
An international treaty adopted in 1979 aimed at eliminating discrimination against women and promoting equality.
UN General Rec. No. 19 (1992)
A framework for understanding and addressing violence against women as a human rights issue.
Declaration on Elimination of VAW
A global framework adopted in 1993 calling for governments to eliminate all forms of violence against women.
Female Genital Cutting (FGC)
Procedures involving the partial or total removal of external female genitalia for non-medical purposes with serious health implications.
Self-Employed Women’s Association (SEWA)
A trade union founded in India in 1972 aimed at empowering women in the informal economy through self-employment.
Bride Burning
A form of domestic violence in South Asia where a bride is harmed in connection with dowry disputes.
Son Preference
Cultural bias favoring male children, leading to gender discrimination and societal imbalances.
Maternal Mortality
The death of a woman during pregnancy or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, often indicating healthcare inadequacies.
Oportunidades
An organization aimed at improving living conditions for vulnerable populations, focusing on education and healthcare.
Morality Police
A law enforcement agency enforcing codes of conduct regarding moral behavior, often focused on personal choices.
Mahsa Amini
A Kurdish Iranian woman whose death in police custody in September 2022 sparked protests and symbolized resistance against repression.
Hijab
A traditional headscarf worn by many Muslim women as a symbol of modesty, which may be legally required in some countries.
Capital ‘Leakage’ in the Tourism Industry
The situation where a significant portion of tourism revenue does not benefit the local economy but flows to external companies.
Nation and Place “Branding”
The strategic process of developing a positive image for a country or location to attract tourists and investors.
Authenticity (in tourism context)
The quality of being genuine and preserving local culture and traditions in tourism experiences.
Mass Tourism
Large-scale movement of people to popular destinations, often resulting in strain on local resources.
National Branding
Promoting a country’s image and cultural identity to enhance its global reputation.
Guest/Host Relations
The interactions between tourists and local residents, influencing the quality of the tourism experience.
“Icon of the Seas”
A cruise ship known for its innovative design, representing significant development in luxury cruise tourism.
Four “S’s” of Tourism
Four essential components of tourism: Sun, Sea, Sand, and Sex.
Seasonality
Variations in tourist arrivals at destinations during different times of the year, affecting economic stability.
Comparative Advantage in International Tourism
The ability of a country to produce certain tourism experiences more appealingly than others.
Forms of Alternative Travel/Tourism
Various types of tourism focusing on sustainability, including eco-tourism, cultural tourism, and volunteer tourism.
Eco-tourism/Green Travel
Responsible travel to natural areas, conserving the environment and improving local people's well-being.
Dark Tourism
Tourism related to sites associated with death, suffering, or tragedy.
The commodification of Culture/Nature
Transforming cultural elements or natural resources into commodities that can be bought and sold.
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