Review units 1-3

What do the oculars (eyepiece) of a microscope do?

They multiply the magnification of the objectives by ten.

What type of agar is MacConkey agar?

It is a differential and selective agar.

At what temperature are most bacterial cultures incubated?

Human body temperature (38 degrees).

How should the genus and species be correctly written?

Staphylococcus aureus.

What color do Gram positive organisms appear when stained?

Purple.

What color do Gram negative organisms appear when stained?

Pink.

What organism is most likely to grow on Mannitol salt agar?

Staphylococcus species.

What shape do cocci bacteria have?

Round.

What shape do bacilli bacteria have?

Rod.

What is Delta hemolysis?

Double zone of hemolysis.

What does the catalase enzyme break down?

Hydrogen peroxide.

What type(shape) of bacteria is Staphylococcus?

Cocci.

What media is used for inoculating for the Kirby Bauer test?

Mueller Hinton.

What is beta hemolysis?

Clear zone of hemolysis.

What is MacConkey agar selective and differential for?

Gram negative and lactose fermenters.

What agar is used for inoculating molds?

Sabourauds.

How do bacteria reproduce?

By binary fission.

Where do aerobic bacteria grow?

In the presence of oxygen.

What does the KOH test replace?

Gram stain.

What type of bacteria is G+ endospore?

Gram positive.

What are three ways substances get into a cell?

Passive transport, ATP, Copyright.

What is the function of a mesosome?

To assist in cell functions like DNA replication.

What does ubiquitous mean?

Everywhere.

Are bacteria heterotrophic or autotrophic?

They can be both.

What are the nutritional requirements of bacteria?

Carbohydrates, trace elements, water, proteins, inorganic ions, vitamins, fat.

What are Koch’s Postulates?

They are criteria to establish a causative relationship between a microbe and a disease.

What does MacConkey agar inhibit?

Gram positive bacteria.

What is Chocolate agar used for?

Isolation and cultivation of fastidious organisms.

What are the oxygen requirements for different bacteria?

Aerobic, anaerobic, facultative anaerobic, microaerophilic, capnophilic.

What can cause older Gram positive bacteria to decolorize?

Using unwarranted testing procedures.

What does the KOH test determine?

If a bacteria is Gram negative.

What does a positive catalase test indicate?

Bubbles when hydrogen peroxide is added.

What does the Indole test indicate?

Tryptophan split into indole turns red or pink.

What criteria does Bergey's Manual classify bacteria on?

Gram reaction, cell shape, cell arrangement, oxygen requirements.

Which bacteria is written correctly?

Chuckis norricus.

What is the order of staining in Gram staining?

Crystal Violet, Iodine, Alcohol, Safranin.

What makes bacteria pathogenic?

They can invade the host, colonize the body, and harm the body.

What are the types of toxins released by bacteria?

Cytotoxins, neurotoxins, enterotoxins.