managerial ops in sport - final review

4 management functions?

Planning, organizing, leading, contracting

4 categories of resources

Human, financial, physical, informational

True or False: Are technical, people, and communication skills all categorized as management skills?

True

What resources are the most important for sport and recreation managers?

Technical skills, employee knowledge, and experience (human resources).

Which responsibilities fall under the purview of a sports manager?

Getting the most out of available resources, making the right decisions

What are technical skills?

Enable you to use methods and techniques to perform - (using spreadsheets, computer skills, accounting, etc.)

What are people skills?

Enable you to get your ideas across clearly & effectively - (motivation, confidence, leading in a diverse environment)

What are conceptual skills?

Ability to understand abstract ideas (critical thinking)  - (problem solving, applying & analyzing information)

What are decision-making skills?

Selecting alternatives to solve problems - (making choices, problem solving)

6 steps to the decision making model

• Define the problem or opportunity 

• Set objectives and criteria 

• Generate alternatives 

• Selecting the most reasonable alternative 

• Implement the decision 

• Control the results

What is a task group

A group composed of staff who work on specific objectives

What is a task force?

A group that is formed for a specific purpose

What is organizational behavior?

Study of actions that affect performance in the workplace

What is the self-performance equation?

PERFORMANCE = ABILITY x MOTIVATION x RESOURCES

What are some of the best ways to run effective staff meetings?

Prepare, have objectives, dates, place, time, decide participants, agenda, leadership, and technology

Leadership vs. Management

Leadership: focused on motivating people toward change and vision

Management: focuses on planning, organizing, and controlling resources to achieve goals.

SWOT analysis

Analyzes STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES, and THREATS in a company's internal and external environment

Basic styles of leadership

Autocratic, consultative, participative, and empowerment

What is a transformational leader?

Empowers individuals to accomplish positive change

What is a symbolic leader?

They establish and maintain a strong organizational culture

What is an authentic leader?

They develop open, honest & trusting relationships - and lead by example

What is collective bargaining?

Where athletes negotiate rights, benefits, and working conditions through unions, resulting in CBAs.

The 5 competitive forces?

• Rivalry between competing firms 

• Potential development of substitute products & services 

• Potential entry of new competitors

• Bargaining power of suppliers 

• Bargaining power of consumers

What is a functional group?

Things like accounting, HR, and sales departments are all functional groups

What is a cross functional group?

These departments understand and coordinate with w/other departments - like marketing, giving input to product design, engineering, etc. 

What is innovation? Give examples of it in sport

Innovation: alters what is established by introducing something new

Example - smart stadium technology, mobile apps, cashless payments, score tracking etc.

Nonverbal communication includes what?

Face expressions, vocal quality, gestures, posture, and setting

During event tasks & examples

Crowd management, seating, dealing with disruptive behavior, responding to emergencies, monitoring, coordination between venues, and security.

Pre - event tasks & examples

Budgeting, negotiating, scheduling, training, promoting, coordinating, reaching the correct audience.

Post event tasks & examples

Crowd management & control, breakdown, clean up, evaluation, calculating profits.

Basic concepts of goal theory

Realistic, clear, challenging & motivating, measurable, feedback is essential 

4 stages of group development are:

1. Orientation - autocratic leadership style

2. Dissatisfaction - consultative leadership style 

3. Resolution - participative leadership style 

4. Production - empowerment leadership style 

5. (Termination)

How does perception influence behavior?

It is the lens through which we view life. Perception will affect behavior and performance

How does attribution influence behavior?

Attribution plays an important role in perception because it affects behavior, but we cannot observe perceptions

What is product differentiation?

Process that makes a company's products stand out by highlighting unique attributes.

What is strategic planning?

When management develops a mission and long-term objectives & determines how it will be accomplished

What are group norms and how are they enforced or reinforced?

GROUP NORMS: unwritten and unspoken rules about expected behavior and how things are done / what is socially accepted.

How are they enforced or reinforced? Policies, procedures, and rules are in place to guide behavior. Every group eventually develops - group norms.

How can attitudes affect behavior and performance within an organization?

Positive attitudes lead to higher motivation, teamwork, and performance 

Negative attitudes - cause poor effort, conflict, and lower productivity.

5 ways to manage conflict?

Avoiding, accommodating, forcing, negotiating, collaborating

What is expectancy theory and why is it important?

Motivation is based on the belief that:

• Effort → Performance (Expectancy)

• Performance → Rewards (Instrumentality)

• Rewards are valued (Valence)

Why it’s important:
It helps managers motivate employees by making sure:

• Employees believe their effort will lead to good performance

• Good performance will actually be rewarded

• The rewards are things employees value

Difference in tasks & roles between top, middle, and 1st managers?

Top managers - deal with conceptual & decision making (long-term)

Middle managers - balance ALL 4 skills

First line managers - dealing with technical people, communication skills, leading, and controlling (short-term)

What defines a sports organizations internal environment?

Internal factors the organization controls, like leadership, staff, culture, and resources

Purpose of a mission statement is -

That it explains the organization's purpose & guides, decision-making & goals

What is meant by TQM & what are its components?

Total Quality Management: a management approach focused on continuous improvement & customer satisfaction through organization-wide involvement.

KEY COMPONENTS: customer focus, improvement, employee involvement, leadership commitment

What is the triple bottom line, and can it impact revenue generation?

Triple Bottom Line: focuses on people, planet, profit

Meaning: organizations measure success not just by financial performance, but also by social & environmental performance

Yes, strong social responsibility + sustainability efforts can attract fans, sponsors, good brand image.

4 basic elements of human resource management elements

Recruitment + selection, training + development, performance management, compensation + benefits.

Brainstorming vs nominal grouping

Brainstorming: group members generate as many options in a short time

Nominal: structured rating method to generate + evaluate alternatives helps eliminate downsides

What is directive behavior?

A leadership style where a leader gives clear instructions & expectations to employees & oversees their work to ensure tasks are done correctly.

What is supportive behavior?

A leadership approach where a leader shows concern for employees ' well-being & offers encouragement.

Autocratic vs consultative style

Autocratic: involves leaders making choices on their own or with little to no input.

Consultative: involves seeking employee feedback + opinions before making the final choice.

True or False: Authority is the right to make decisions, issue orders, and use resources.

True

True or False: Budgets are often based on performance, benchmarks, and department objectives.

True

What is an arbitrator?

A natural third party who makes a binding decision to resolve conflict is what?

True or False: Management objectives (MBO) is the process by which managers set objectives for employees.

True

True or False: Larger groups are more focused & efficient than smaller groups

False

True or False: Job simplification is the process of making jobs less specialized

False

What may job simplification include?

Eliminating, combining, or changing a sequence.

True or False: Goal setting theory proposes that employees are motivated when they perceive that inputs = outputs

True

True or False: A common group is a general term used for a group that is focused on a specific task

True

True or False: command groups can be functional or cross-functional

True

True or False: Ethics can not be taught or learned

False

True or False: Centralized authority, first-line managers all make important decisions

False