Composition and Functions of Blood 2

These flashcards cover the key concepts related to the composition, functions, and characteristics of blood, including its components, disorders, and physiological processes.

What is the composition of blood?

Blood consists of about 55% plasma and 45% cells (which include RBCs, WBCs, and platelets).

What is the main function of hemoglobin (Hb) in RBCs?

Hb carries oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and acts as a buffer.

Define anemia.

Anemia is a condition characterized by a decreased number of RBCs and/or decreased hemoglobin content.

What hormone stimulates the production of RBCs?

Erythropoietin is the main hormone that stimulates RBC production.

What are the main types of plasma proteins and their functions?

Key types of plasma proteins include albumin (transport and osmotic regulation), globulins (transport and immunity), and fibrinogen (clotting).

What are the three types of anemia classified by RBC size and Hb content?

The types are microcytic hypochromic anemia (iron deficiency), normocytic normochromic anemia (hemorrhagic), and macrocytic anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency).

What is polycythemia?

Polycythemia is a condition characterized by an increased number of RBCs.

What is the normal count range for WBCs?

The normal count for WBCs is between 4,000 and 11,000/mm3.

What are the categories of thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia?

Thrombocytosis is an increased platelet count (>450,000/mm3), while thrombocytopenia is a decreased platelet count (<150,000/mm3).

What are the sites of erythropoiesis before and after birth?

RBCs are formed in the liver and spleen during fetal development, and in the bone marrow of long bones after birth.