Gas Laws and Kinetic Molecular Theory Study Guide

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on gas laws, the kinetic molecular theory, and related formulas essential for exam preparation.

What is the Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)?

A theory explaining the behavior of gases based on the idea that gas particles are in constant, random motion and that they collide elastically.

What defines an ideal gas?

An ideal gas is a 'perfect' gas whose particles move in random directions and are not subject to intermolecular forces.

What happens to gas particles when energy is added?

When energy is added, gas particles move more until they phase up into a different state.

What is Boyle’s Law?

Boyle's Law states that the initial pressure times volume equals the final pressure times volume, demonstrating that pressure and volume are inversely proportional.

What does Charles's Law demonstrate?

Charles's Law shows that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when pressure is constant.

What does Gay Lussac’s Law state?

Gay Lussac's Law states that the initial pressure divided by temperature equals final pressure divided by temperature, with pressure and temperature being directly proportional.

Define Avogadro's Law.

Avogadro's Law states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules.

What is the Ideal Gas Law formula?

The Ideal Gas Law is represented by the equation PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature.

What changes the behavior of gases?

Factors that change the behavior of gases include pressure, temperature, volume, and moles of gas.

What is Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)?

Standard Temperature and Pressure is defined as 273 K and 1 atm.

What does the density of a gas depend on?

The density of a gas depends on its mass and the volume it occupies.

How is the Ideal Gas Law rearranged to find density?

Density can be found using the rearranged Ideal Gas Law: D = PM/(RT), where D is density, P is pressure, M is molar mass, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature.

What is gas stoichiometry?

Gas stoichiometry involves using the properties of gases to find the amounts of reactants or products in a reaction.

What common mistakes do students make in gas law problems?

Common mistakes include forgetting to convert temperature to Kelvin, using the wrong gas law, and ignoring or being inconsistent with units.

What is a heating curve?

A heating curve illustrates how the temperature of a substance changes as energy is added, leading to phase changes such as melting or boiling.

What describes the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy of gas particles?

The kinetic energy of gas particles is directly proportional to their absolute temperature in Kelvin.

How can one increase the volume of a gas?

By either decreasing the pressure or increasing the temperature, one can increase the volume of a gas.

Why do real gases deviate from ideal behavior?

Real gases deviate from ideal behavior at high pressures and low temperatures due to intermolecular forces and finite molecular volume.