PER DEV | Piaget's Cognitive Development and Erikson's Identity vs Confusion

Who created the Cognitive Development Theory?

Jean Piaget

Cognitive Development

children actively participate in discovery and construct knowledge through their own activity where they experience differences in their knowledge and new discoveries

Assimilation

application of prior knowledge and mental patterns to new situations

Accommodation

modifying the existing knowledge or mental patterns to fit new demands

Order of Stages

1. Sensorimotor Stage

2. Pre-operational Stage

3. Concrete Operational Stage

4. Formal Operational Stage

Sensorimotor Stage | Ages

0-2 years old

Sensorimotor Stage | Definition

learning through senses and applying object permanence

Object Permanence

things exist even if you can’t see it

Pre-operational Stage | Ages

2-7 years old

Pre-operational Stage | Definition

learning through role play to think symbollically and learn to use words and pictures to represent objects

Concrete Operational Stage | Ages

7-11 years old

Concrete Operational Stage | Definition

thinking is more logical but still concrete or literal, applies conservation

Conservation

quantity remains despite changes in appearance

Formal Operational Stage | Ages

11+ years old

Formal Operational Stage | Definition

involves increase in logic, deductive reasoning, understanding of abstract ideas as more complex and wider issues are thought about

Who proposed the Psychosocial Development Theory?

Erik Erikson

Psychosocial Development Theory

8 stages of conflict/crises that develop a certain attitude, first attempt to understand social development

Identity vs Role Confusion

5th stage where friends with similar interests can help determine identity while the wrong people can create confusion of one’s identity