Chapter 21 Expanding Horizons of Cross Cultural Interaction

Why will some goods use the overland Silk Routes while other used the Indian Ocean?

Precious and lightweight materials would go over land while

Why will some goods use the overland Silk Road trade routes while others used the Indian Ocean sea lanes?

Precious and lightweight materials would go over land usually on camel back while heavy or big-bulk items, such as building materials, would use the Indian ocean.

How will Melaka become a principle of trade in the Eastern Indian ocean?

The city policed part of the Malaysian Peninsula and will provide a safe market.

Who is Marco Polo? What will be his influence on Europeans?

A venetian who traveled to Meleka with his father and uncle and then explored more of the area. He will learn and spread information about places.

Why did Mongol khans in China routinely appoint foreigners to administrative foreigners?

They took over China so they didn't trust Chinese to govern with them.

Why will the Pope and khans negotiate with each other during the 1200s? What was the result of these negotiations?

They both had the common enemy of Muslims. Negotiations never went anywhere.

Who was Ibn Battuta? What was his legacy?

A muslim explorer and scholar. He went to many different island that became islamic only to make trading easier- therefore they had incorrect traditions- and corrected them.

Who were the Sufis? How was their approach to spreading Islam different from that used by Ibn Battuta?

They were Islamic people that believed in the more spiritual beliefs than traditional rules.

Where will the Roman Catholic missionaries have the most success? Why will Catholicism not be able to establish a strong foothold in Asia?

Scandinavia, Eastern Europe, Hungary. It won't work in Asia because they already have buddhism.

What were the four reasons for long distance travel in the period of 1000-1500 c.e.?

Trade, diplomacy, politics, and missionaries.

How did the magnetic compass make its to Europe?

Spread through through Indian Ocean basin.

What new crops were introduced by Muslim travelers into Africa and SW Asia?

Citrus fruits, rice and cotton.

How will crystallized sugar reach Europe? What was the relationship between sugar production and slavery?

Muslims showed it to European crusaders. It was a labor intensive process therefore slavery was highly needed.

How will gunpowder reach Europe from China? How will this new technology change warfare?

Mongol invaders learned it from Chinese who used it for fireworks. They could not use it for bombs.

Although agriculture and technological diffusion were not new to human history, what was different about the era of 1000-1500 c.e.?

Compass, gunpowder. There was much more going on than before and faster.

How will the Bubonic Plague of the 14th century reach Europe? What was the impact on both Chinese and European populations?

Mongols catapult bodies of dead into Kafa then int was spread by people fleeing and trade routes.Europe suffered more because they have a smaller population. They both lost 1/3-1/2 of their people.

What was the socio-economic impact of the plague on Western Europe?

Wiped out workers and made less competition for the people that lived.

Why did the Mongol empire fall in China? What new empire replaced it?

Financial mismanagement, political issues, and the plague. It was replaced by the Ming Dynasty.

What will be the Ming response to the Mongol legacy? Their attitude towards Confucianism?

They tried to erase it and they brought back confucianism.

Why will the Ming rely so heavily on mandarins and eunuchs to help run the government? How long will this framework of government last on China?

It enhanced authority because Mandarins checked on their local rulers and eunuchs could not reproduced.

How did recovery in Europe differ from recovery in China?

China will recover with an imperial government while Europe will revive with a divided government.

What were the two most important elements of state-building in Western Europe? Where did it begin?

Kings began unified taxation and nations made professional armies. It began in Italy.

What other areas will we see state-building practiced?

France, England, Spain, and Russia because they all learned their lesson from previous defeats.

What was humanism? How did it link to the Renaissance?

Scholars studying people's behaviors. Such as literature, arts and philosophy.

What will Renaissance art and thought reflect?

Their trade with other peoples and their wealth from their trade.

Why will China and Western Europe be the regions most active in reving long-distance trade routes? What areas did they venture into?

They wanted to make up for lost time. They discovered places in Europe, America, China and India.

Who was Zheng He? Where did he travel? What method did he usually use to attain his goals?

A muslim eunuch who was used to create Ming's presences in other areas,

Why did Zheng He's voyages come to an end? How did the Ming ensure there would be no future naval expeditions?

He died and then the emperor that took over stopped all venturing and destroyed all the ships.

What were the two motives of European maritime exploration? Which nation took lead? Why were they so motivated to find a sea route to Asia?

They wanted to expand catholic boundaries and commercial operations. Portuguese took the lead because they wanted to trade with Asians.

How will the Portuguese attempt to control shipping in the Indian Ocean? What did the attempt "signal"?

Arming ships with cannons and trying to domesticate trade. This signals when Europe started to dominate trade.