Henry Murray Flashcards

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According to Murray, what is a "Need"?

A potential or readiness to respond in certain ways; a brain force that organizes and directs perception and behavior.

What is the difference between Primary (Viscerogenic) and Secondary (Psychogenic) needs?

Primary needs are biological (e.g., food, water, sex). Secondary needs are psychological (e.g., achievement, affiliation).

What is the difference between Reactive and Proactive needs?

Reactive needs are responses to specific environmental objects. Proactive needs arise spontaneously from within.

What does "Subsidiation" mean in the context of needs?

When one need is activated to aid in the satisfaction of another need (e.g., activating a need for rejection to satisfy a need for harm avoidance).

What is "Press"?

The pressure from environmental objects or events that influences behavior.

What is the difference between Alpha Press and Beta Press?

Alpha Press is the objective reality of the environment. Beta Press is the individual's subjective perception of that environment.

What is a "Thema"?

The combination of a person's needs and environmental presses; the central pattern of personality formed in childhood.

What assessment technique is Henry Murray most famous for creating?

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), which uses ambiguous pictures to reveal a person's needs, presses, and themas.

According to Murray, what is the Ego-Ideal?

A component of the superego that contains the moral or ideal behaviors to strive for; it represents our ambitions and what we could become at our best.

In Murray's system, what is the "Urethral Complex" associated with?

Excessive ambition and a tendency to have one's "dreams shattered by failure."

Murray's term for the study of personality.

Personology

Murray defined these as the building blocks of motivation.

Needs

Biological needs for survival (e.g., food, water).

Primary / Viscerogenic

Psychological needs (e.g., achievement, affiliation).

Secondary / Psychogenic

A need that is a response to a specific object in the environment.

Reactive

The pressure exerted by the environment on a person.

Press

The objective, real-world environment.

Alpha-Press

The subjective, perceived environment.

Beta-Press

The combination of a person's needs and presses.

Thema

The famous projective test Murray created.

TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)

The part of the personality that contains our ambitions and best potential.

Ego-Ideal

The stage of development focused on pleasure from urination.

Urethral