the endocrine system

where do hormones travel?

in the blood

what do hormones do?

target specific cells & activate or suppress genes - this has an effect on behaviour; homeostasis

what does the pituitary do?

• stimulates milk production in women

• regulates growth of bones & muscles

• stimulating labor in women, trust, maternal behaviours

• responsible for HGH, prolactin, & oxytocin

what does the thyroid do?

• thyroxin

• controls metabolism

what do the ardenals do?

• cortisol steroids

• ardrenaline/parardenaline

• fight or flight response

• increases resistance to stress & promotes muscle development

what do the ovaries do?

• foster growth & development of female sex characteristics

• prepares the body for pregnancy, growth of female sex organs

• regulates menstrual cycle

• produces estrogen & progesterone

what do the testes do?

• testosterone

• prenatally causes the growth of male sex organs

• aids in growth of muscle, bone, & primary & secondary sex characteristics

thyroid (thyroxin)

excitability/metabolic control

cortisol steroids

altercation of metabolism in response to stress/emotions

assessment of environmental threats causes…

release of adrenaline/noradrenaline, intensifies emotions

estrogen

cognitive functioning & well-being, sexual attraction

testerone

sex drive & raised self-esteem

what are steroids & their effects?

• stimulates growth of muscle mass

• heightens resistance to stress, causes mood changes, anger levels, aggression & depression

oxytocin

the love or trust hormone

• released in formation of social bonds

• involved in stress reduction through positive physical contact → lowered blood pressure

schacher & singer, 1962

emotion occurs as a result of cognitive labelling in which the physiological cues are combined with contextual cues

scheele, 2012

oxytocin stimulated men in monogamous relationships to be more “faithful”

what does melatonin do?

• regulates the sleep cycle & related behaviours

• secreted from the pineal gland → can sense light

• secreted during darkness but not light

• “turns off the body”

SAD

seasonal affective disorder

jet-lag is a result of…

changes in melatonin cycles

what alleviates jet-lag?

a dose of melatonin