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Which statement below BEST summarizes the role of the DNA molecule in cells
provides the instructions for making proteins
Given the sequence of DNA nucleotide bases TTAGCCTTG, give the complementary strand of mRNA produced during transcription.
AAUCGGAAC
the part of the cell that makes proteins.
Ribosomes
_______________ produce proteins by following coded instructions that come from the nucleus of the cell.
Ribosomes
The sequence of ________________ in a DNA molecule determines the protein that will be produced
nucleotides
Proteins are**********
transported to other parts of the cell by the endoplasmic reticulum from ribosomes.**********
During DNA replication, what would be the complementary strand to the original DNA segment of GCTAAT
CGATTA
The molecular sequence, or blueprint for a protein, is originally carried by which molecule
DNA
A single strand of DNA contains the following nine nucleotides in this order: ACT TAT GGA. What sequence of bases will be present on the complementary strand of DNA?
TGA ATA CCT
Without ribosomes, a cell would not produce
proteins
if the RNA molecule in a human has the nucleotide sequence of GUU, this would indicate that the amino acid valine would be needed to make the protein. How would this change if this process was occurring in a mushroom?
there would be no change; GUU always codes for valine
If we compare the genetic codes of the four organisms seen here, which statement is MOST accurate?**********
All four organisms have exactly the same components in their DNA, but it varies in number and sequence*********.
A typical human cell expresses only about 5% of its genes at any time. The expression of a gene can be regulated during any step in the transition from a gene to a protein. In each step, there is a control point where the gene can be turned on or turned off. The gene expression can direct embryonic development during cellular differentiation in an embryo. The proteins responsible for the regulation are called
enzymes
Cells undergo differentiation during embyonic development. An individual skin cell develops differently from a muscle cell because
the cells express different genes
Josh notices that the frog he is dissecting has many different types of tissues and cells. The cells are different due to***********
different gene expression***********
Cells that have differentiated still have most of their genes and they*********
can still express those genes.*********
Cellular differentiation is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type. This process is controlled by
gene expression.
Cell differentiation is governed by genes. Depending on where in the body it is located, a given gene can be turned off, weakly on, or strongly on. For example, the gene for globin, which composes hemoglobin, is strongly on in cells that will mature into red blood cells and off in every other cell type.
Cells control gene expression by using molecular tags that lure an enzyme to insure the transcription of certain genes. They also use tags that repel the same enzyme for genes that are turned off. The enzyme that controls the transcription is
RNA polymerase
Transcription involves three major phases in the order of initiation, elongation, and termination. What best describes the transcription process?************
First, the recognition and binding of the gene by the RNA polymerase. Second, the polymerase starts transcription. Third, the polymerase completes the transcription of the gene and terminates the transcriptition************
Which organism does both the steps of gene expression, transcription and translation, occur simultaneously
Prokaryotes
DNA is the template to make
RNA
the process of synthesizing RNA from DNA is
Transcription
The DNA helix unzips itself by braking the
Hydrogen Bounds
What signals the polypeptide chain to stop adding amino acids
mrna stop codon
What carries the three unpaired bases that are collectively called the anticodon
trna
The decoding of an mRNA message into a protein is a process called
translation
The central dogma of molecular biology is that
information is transferred from DNA to RNA to protein.
An important discovery of molecular biology is the near-universal nature of the genetic code. The genetic code is universal in all of the following ways except
D. the genetic code transfers information from RNA to proteins to DNA.
The way in which DNA, RNA, and proteins are involved in putting genetic information into action in living cells is known as
A. gene expression
Gene expression is a highly regulated process that is directly involved with all of the following except
lysosomes.
Which of the following uses the sequence of codons in mRNA to assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains
Ribosomes