protein synthesis review

Which statement below BEST summarizes the role of the DNA molecule in cells

provides the instructions for making proteins

Given the sequence of DNA nucleotide bases TTAGCCTTG, give the complementary strand of mRNA produced during transcription.

AAUCGGAAC

the part of the cell that makes proteins.

Ribosomes

_______________ produce proteins by following coded instructions that come from the nucleus of the cell.

Ribosomes

The sequence of ________________ in a DNA molecule determines the protein that will be produced

nucleotides

Proteins are**********

transported to other parts of the cell by the endoplasmic reticulum from ribosomes.**********

During DNA replication, what would be the complementary strand to the original DNA segment of GCTAAT

CGATTA

The molecular sequence, or blueprint for a protein, is originally carried by which molecule

DNA

A single strand of DNA contains the following nine nucleotides in this order: ACT TAT GGA. What sequence of bases will be present on the complementary strand of DNA?

TGA ATA CCT

Without ribosomes, a cell would not produce

proteins

if the RNA molecule in a human has the nucleotide sequence of GUU, this would indicate that the amino acid valine would be needed to make the protein. How would this change if this process was occurring in a mushroom?

there would be no change; GUU always codes for valine

If we compare the genetic codes of the four organisms seen here, which statement is MOST accurate?**********

All four organisms have exactly the same components in their DNA, but it varies in number and sequence*********.

A typical human cell expresses only about 5% of its genes at any time. The expression of a gene can be regulated during any step in the transition from a gene to a protein. In each step, there is a control point where the gene can be turned on or turned off. The gene expression can direct embryonic development during cellular differentiation in an embryo. The proteins responsible for the regulation are called

enzymes

Cells undergo differentiation during embyonic development. An individual skin cell develops differently from a muscle cell because

the cells express different genes

Josh notices that the frog he is dissecting has many different types of tissues and cells. The cells are different due to***********

different gene expression***********

Cells that have differentiated still have most of their genes and they*********

can still express those genes.*********

Cellular differentiation is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type. This process is controlled by

gene expression.

Cell differentiation is governed by genes. Depending on where in the body it is located, a given gene can be turned off, weakly on, or strongly on. For example, the gene for globin, which composes hemoglobin, is strongly on in cells that will mature into red blood cells and off in every other cell type.

Cells control gene expression by using molecular tags that lure an enzyme to insure the transcription of certain genes. They also use tags that repel the same enzyme for genes that are turned off. The enzyme that controls the transcription is

RNA polymerase

Transcription involves three major phases in the order of initiation, elongation, and termination. What best describes the transcription process?************

First, the recognition and binding of the gene by the RNA polymerase. Second, the polymerase starts transcription. Third, the polymerase completes the transcription of the gene and terminates the transcriptition************

Which organism does both the steps of gene expression, transcription and translation, occur simultaneously

Prokaryotes

DNA is the template to make

RNA

the process of synthesizing RNA from DNA is

Transcription

The DNA helix unzips itself by braking the

Hydrogen Bounds

What signals the polypeptide chain to stop adding amino acids

mrna stop codon

What carries the three unpaired bases that are collectively called the anticodon

trna

The decoding of an mRNA message into a protein is a process called

translation

The central dogma of molecular biology is that

information is transferred from DNA to RNA to protein.

An important discovery of molecular biology is the near-universal nature of the genetic code. The genetic code is universal in all of the following ways except

D. the genetic code transfers information from RNA to proteins to DNA.

The way in which DNA, RNA, and proteins are involved in putting genetic information into action in living cells is known as

A. gene expression

Gene expression is a highly regulated process that is directly involved with all of the following except

lysosomes.

Which of the following uses the sequence of codons in mRNA to assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains

Ribosomes