ELF: The Musical - Emily Hobbs

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Last updated 2:13 AM on 10/21/24
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1
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DEB: Right away.

Hi, darling.

2
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MICHAEL: Hi, Dad.

Ready to go?

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WALTER: Go where?

I don’t believe it. Christmas shopping, remember?

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WALTER: Emily, you always do this to me.

We planned this weeks ago! I took the day off —

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MICHAEL: Dad, it is well documented that the children of workaholics are prone to self-esteem issues.

(WALTER stares at Emily, baffled) What can I say; the kid likes NPR.

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WALTER: TRY THE TWENTY-FIFTH

EMILY: WALTER, WAIT! NO ONE WORKS ON THAT DAY

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MICHAEL: You’ve got it backwards!

He’s right! It’s you who are getting in the way of Christmas, Walter.

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WALTER: All together now!

CHRISTMAS ALWAYS GETS IN THE WAY. Walter, Christmas is only five days away and we don’t even have a tree.

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WALTER: MONEY DOESN’T GROW ON CHRISTMAS TREES

Give me that calendar! If not today, how about tomorrow? Let’s see… HALF PAST ONE, BUY A TREE TO TRIM HE’S YOUR SON

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WALTER: I REMEMBER HIM

DON’T MAKE FUN, THERE’S TOO MUCH TO DISCUSS

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WALTER: MY BUDGET NEEDS REWRITING

TWO O’CLOCK, SKATING IN THE PARK THEN A WALK UNTIL AFTER DARK HERE’S A SHOCK, SPEND AN EVENING WITH US

12
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EMPLOYEES: IT’S ALL WORK AND NO PLAY

CAUSE CHRISTMAS

CHRISTMAS

CHRISTMAS

CHRISTMAS

13
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WALTER: What does it always get?

IN THE WAY!!

14
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WALTER: Susan Welles? You said Susan Welles?

Isn’t she that girl you went out with in college?

15
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WALTER: Susan passed away years ago. If this is supposed to be funny, it’s not!

He said he’s your son. Deb, who sent this Christmas Gram?

16
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BUDDY: Mrs. Hobbs! Are you married to my Dad?

I’m married to Mr. Hobbs.

17
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BUDDY: Then you’re my step-mommy! Would you like a hug?

(steps back) No, thanks.

18
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MICHAEL: Wait. He’s my brother?

Shh. No, of course not.

19
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BUDDY: But I want to stay with you, Dad. Hey! Look! We’ve got the same color eyes!

(EMILY scrutinizes them) You do.

20
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DEB: Mine are blue, actually.

(EMILY yanks a strand of BUDDY’s hair)

BUDDY: Ouch, Mom! You pulled my hair.

I did? Oh, sorry.

(she takes an envelope from DEB’s desk and carefully places the hair inside.

she puts the envelope in her purse. LEAVE STAGE)

21
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MICHAEL: Ah, heck, it still doesn’t work.

Maybe you’ve got these spinny things on backwards?

22
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MICHAEL: I don’t know. Dad said he’d help me but he’s not around. Again. He’s basically not a dad.

Michael, don’t talk like that. Your father loves you. He’s a caring man, but he —

(doorbell chimes)

Hold that thought.

(EMILY opens the door and we see BUDDY standing between two POLICEMEN)

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(Arms out-stretched to hug EMILY)

BUDDY: Hi, Mom, I’m home!

(Stepping back)

Excuse me?

24
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POLICEMAN #1: This the Walter Hobbs residence?

Yes?

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POLICEMAN #2: Our pal Buddy here says Mr. Hobbs is his dad.

Yes, Officer, we’re aware that Buddy thinks he’s Mr. Hobbs’ son, but…

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Good. Guess we came to the right place.

(to POLICEMAN #2)

Let’s go.

Wait a second, you can’t just leave them here!

27
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POLICEMAN #2: Hey lady, have a heart. It’s almost Christmas and he’s homeless.

Well…

28
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BUDDY: I can stay here! Yay, I can stay here!

Well, yes, but just for tonight. Then you’ll have to find a place of your own.

29
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BUDDY: Only about 7000. This one is kind of weird looking. You’d never get Santa to okay it.

So you know, Santa pretty well, do you?

30
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BUDDY: No! Of course not. Santa hasn’t used reindeer for years and years. Ever since he got that nasty letter from PETA. Nowadays the sleigh is powered by Christmas spirit alone. Which is a problem because of people like you. I mean, look at this place; no tinsel, no tree — have you even written your letter to Santa Clause yet?

Buddy, I’m sorry, but I’m too old to write to Santa Claus.

31
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BUDDY: Okay, Mom?

(Shrugging)

Okay.

So, how do we do this?

32
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MICHAEL: You’re asking your 12-year-old son how to write a letter to Santa Claus? What does that say about this family, mom?

Okay, Dr. Drew. Well, in the spirit of Christmas, what do you want for Christmas?

33
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MICHAEL: I DON’T WANT A CHECK

THATS MADE OUT TO CASH

OR A CORPORATE RE-GIFT

FROM SOME SECRET STASH

I’D LIKE A DAY WITH MY DAD

JUST A DAY?

34
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MICHAEL: you’re the man

Nice going, buddy!

35
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MICHAEL: It’s Buddy…

He’s stayin’ with us!

36
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WALTER: Staying with us? What do you mean, Emily, he’s staying with us?

(to MICHAEL)

Turn that noise off!

It’s just for overnight. The police showed up with him.

37
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WALTER: Not now!

Michael, why don’t you show Buddy the spare room.

(To Buddy)

You can sleep there. It has a futon.

38
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WALTER: Emily, there is no way—

Walter he’s homeless and it’s freezing out. We couldn’t just leave him sleeping in the street.

39
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WALTER: Okay. There’s a youth hostel over by the west side highway. He can stay there.

Good idea. We’ll stick in a cab and send him to a youth hostel in his elf suite. Or, we save the cab fare and just beat him up here.

40
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BUDDY: Of course, that’s why it’s important to chew your sugar carefully, drink lots of syrup and see your dentist twice a day.

(BUDDY now pours Maple syrup all over his spaghetti, and hungrily starts eating.)

(Meanwhile, stage left, in the living room, we hear the sound of a door chime as Emily, in a bathrobe, enters and answers the door. She takes a FedEx envelope from uniformed doorman, closes)

Oh, my god…

41
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Walter: Emily. That lunatic is still here

Emily: Yes he is. And he’s not going anywhere

42
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Walter: what are you talking about?

Emily: Walter, i’ve been, uh, very busy the last couple days. You see, I had to…

43
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Walter: (to himself) Oh, my god. (aloud) we’ll have to snuggle some other time, Buddy, because today i’ve got to go to work. You’ll be staying here with your, uh, step-mommy

Emily: oh, no he won’t! I have my annual planning meeting this morning. Your father will stay here with you.

44
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Walter (to emily): dammit, im this close to getting fired.

Emily: then take him to work. I bet he could be very helpful around the office.

45
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Walter: He’s an idiot. My son is an idiot.

Emily: Walter, tell me something. Was Susan a bright girl?

46
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walter: The brightest. Phi Beta Kappa.

Emily: Then we know where he got the idiot gene, don’t we darling?

47
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( The living room in the Hobbs’ apartment, as in Act One, Scene 8. Michael and Emily sre reading Buddy’s note on the Etch-a-sketch

Emily: “…I don’t belong at the North Pole, either. Nobody needs me.” Poor thing, wandering the streets in that dorky elf suit.

48
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Michael: Why did he do it?

Emily: He had a fight with your father (examining the etch-a-sketch more closely) This really is amazing. I can barely draw a straight line on one of these things.

49
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Michael: We need to find him! We have to bring him home!

Emily: we will find him, but after that I think we need to get some help.

50
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Michael: what do you mean “help”?

Emily: professional help. Honey, buddy is crazy.

51
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Michael: Mom.

Emily: No, he is. We have to accept that.

52
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Michael: He’s my brother

Emily: I know. You have a crazy brother. Lot’s of people do.

53
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Michael: Just because somebody believes in Santa Claus, doesn’t mean they’re crazy.

Emily: Yes, it does.

54
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Michael: No, it doesn’t.

Emily: Yes, it does

55
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Micael: What about little kids? Are they crazy too?

Emily: It’s different. If a little kid believe in a talking purple dinosaur, it’s delightful. If he still believes when he’s 30, it’s profoundly disturbing. Look, just because buddy is crazy doesn’t mean we shouldn’t love him any less. I have a friend who’s a psychiatrist. You remember Barry? With the Ferrari? I’m going to give him a call right now. Maybe he can tell us where we should look for Buddy.

56
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Deb: Well, it’s incredibly touching when you hear it from hungarian

Emily: Walter-

57
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Walter: Emily, for god sakes, you have no idea how important it is that I continue working on this pitch.

Emily: No. We have to talk, Walter, Right now.

58
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Walter: Fine. Deb, keep an eye out for Greenway, will you?

Emily: first of all, buddy is missing.

59
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Michael: He ran away. He left a note on an Etch-a-sketch.

Emily: I brought it in the cab, but you know the slightest shake and those darn things erase themselves.

60
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Michael: Buddy!

Emily: We were so worried! Are you okay?

61
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Buddy: Well, I think I just broke up with my girlfriend.

Emily: Oh.

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Walter: I quit. I actually quit my job.

Emily: I’ve never been more proud of you, Walter.

63
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Buddy: you did?

Emily: He was flying around in his sleigh, with the red suit and the big sack of toys! The whole bit! And then he landed in central park! Walter, it was the most incredible-

64
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Walter: oh, my god

Emily: That’s the guy! That’s the guy we saw in the sleigh! Flying! Right past our window! That’s him! Right there!

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Michael: Oh, man! I can’t wait to tell the guys at school about this. They’ll freak!

Emily: Mr Claus? I have to tell you, i’m a huge, huge fan. At least I was. And now I am again! I loved you in Miracle on 34th Street.

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Explore top notes

Imperialism Rise in Nationalism • During the French and Industrial Revolution, nationalism continued to inspire nations to increase their political and economic power. • Nationalism became the ideal force in the political, economic, and cultural life in the world, becoming the first universal ideology-organizing all people into a nation state. Nationalism Defined • The strong belief that the interest of a particular nation-state is of primary importance. o Nation-State – a state where the vast majority shares the same culture and is conscious of it. It is an ideal in which cultural boundaries match up with political ones. • As an ideology, it is based on the idea that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual/group interests. • Exalting one nation’s belief above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests, excluding the interests of others. Changing the World through a Nationalistic Vision • The French Revolution significantly changed the political world and how countries govern. • The Industrial Revolution significantly changed the economic world. • The Age of Imperialism (1870-1914) dramatically changed the political, economic, and social world. What is Imperialism? • Imperialism- The policy of extending the rule of authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. Power and influence are done through diplomacy or military force. Reasons for Imperialism • There are 5 main motives for empires to seek to expand their rule over other countries or territories: 1. Exploratory • Imperial nations wanted to explore territory unknown to them. • The main purpose for this exploration of new lands was for resource acquisition, medical or scientific research. o Charles Darwin • Other reasons: o Cartography (map making) o Adventure 2. Ethnocentric • Europeans acted on the concept of ethnocentrism o Ethnocentrism- the belief that one race or nation is superior to others. • Ethnocentrism developed out of Charles Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” theory. Philosophers used the theory to explain why there were superior races and inferior races. o This became known as Social Darwinism. • Most imperial nations believed that their cultural values or beliefs were superior to other nations or groups. • Believed imperial conquest would bring successful culture to inferior people. 3. Religious • Imperial expansion promoted a religious movement of people setting out to convert new members of conquered territories. • With the belief that Christianity was superior, missionaries believed it was their duty to spread Christianity to the world. • Christian missionaries established churches, and in doing so, they spread Western culture values as well. • Typically, missionaries spread the imperial nation's language through education and religious interactions. 4. Political • Patriotism and Nationalism helped spur our imperial growth, thus creating competition against other supremacies. • It was a matter of national pride, respect, and security. • Furthermore, European rivalry spurred nations for imperial conquest. Since land equaled power, the more land a country could acquire the more prestige they could wield across the globe. • Empires wanted strategic territory to ensure access for their navies and armies around the world. • The empire believed they must expand, thus they needed to be defended. 5. Economic • With the Industrial Revolution taking place during the same time, governments and private companies contributed to find ways to maximize profits. • Imperialized countries provided European factories and markets with natural resources (old and new) to manufacture products. • Trading posts were strategically placed around imperialized countries to maximize and increase profits. o Such places as the Suez Canal in Egypt which was controlled by the British provided strategic choke hold over many European powers. o Imperial powers competed over the best potential locations for resources, markets, and trade. History of Imperialism • Ancient Imperialism 600 BCE-500 CE o Roman Empire, Ancient China, Greek Empire, Persian Empire, Babylonian Empire. • Middle Age Imperialism (Age of Colonialism-1400-1800s) o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Netherlands (Dutch), Russia. • Age of Imperialism 1870-1914 o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Japan, United States, Ottoman Empire, Russia. • Current Imperialism...? o U.S. Military intervention (i.e. Middle East) o Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine. Imperialism Colonialism • Refers to political or economic control, either legally or illegally. • Refers to where one nation assumes control over the other. • Creating an empire, expanding into neighboring regions and expanding the dominance far outside its borders. • Where a country conquers and rules over other regions for exploiting resources from the conquered country for the conqueror's benefit. • Foreign government controls/governs a territory without significant settlement. • Foreign government controls/governs the territory from within the land being colonized. • Little to no new settlement established on fresh territory. • Movement to settle to fresh territory. Age of Colonialism WHEN? • Started around the late 1400s and ended around the late 1700s/early 1800s. WHY? • Primary Reason: European countries, wished to find a direct trade route to Asia (China & India) and the East Indies. o Quicker and relatively more effective than land routes over Asia. • Secondary Reason: Empire expansion (land power) WHO? • Countries involved: Great Britain, France, Spain, the Dutch & Portugal. • Individuals’ knowns as Mercantilists believed that maintaining imperialized territory and colonizing the region could serve as a source of wealth, while personal motives by rulers, explorers, and missionaries could therefore promote their own agenda. o This agenda being “Glory, God and Gold”. Mercantilism • Mercantilism was a popular and main economic system for many European nations during the 16th to 18th centuries. • The main goal was to increase a nation’s wealth by promoting government rule of a nation’s economy for the purpose of enhancing state power at the expense of rival national power. • It was the economic counterpart of political absolutism. Why did mercantilists want colonies? • Mercantilists believed that a country must have an excess of exports over imports. • By colonizing territory, it provided the nation with indispensable wealth of precious raw materials. • Therefore, the claimed territory served as a market and supplier of raw materials for the mother country. Which, in time, provided an excess of exports for the nation and thus created wealth. o Development of Trading Companies to support this economic system. Hudson Bay Company – (1670). Controlled primarily North America. o Dutch East Indie Trading Company (1682) o East Indian Trading Company (1600) o Royal African Trade Company (1672) WHERE? • European nations begun to colonize the America, India and the East Indies to create a direct trade route. • Great Britain was the leading power in India, Australia and North America, South Africa. • Spain colonized central and South America. • French held Louisiana, coastal land of Africa and French Guinea. • The Dutch built an empire in the East Indies. • The Portuguese was able to take control of present-day Brazil and the southern tip of South America and Japan. Age of Colonialism • As countries started to imperialize these regions, eventually the concept of colonization took hold: • This is what makes the Age of Colonialism extremely different! End of Colonialism • By 1800, colonialism became less popular • Why? o Revolutions (Spain, France & American) o The Napoleonic Wars o Struggle for nationalism and democracy. o Exhausted all money and energy to supervise their colonies. Waiting to wake again • Imperialism would stay quiet for close to 50 years before Great Britain and France’s economies revitalized. • The outbreak of the Industrial Revolution only encouraged and revitalized European nations to begin their conquest for new territory and resources. Age of Imperialism THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA 1870-1914 Conditions Prior to Imperialism of Africa  European interest in exploiting Africa was minimal.  Their economic interests & profit in Africa primarily came through coastal trade that took place during the 1500-1700s.  The slave trade became the main source of European profit.  Furthermore, disease, political instability, lack of transportation and unpredictable climate all discouraged Europeans from seeking territory. Slave Trade & the Trans-Atlantic Slave Voyages  Forced labor was not uncommon during the 13-17th Centuries. Africans and Europeans had been trading goods and people across the Mediteranea for centuries.  This all changed from 1526 to 1867, as a new system of slavery was introduced that became highly “commercialized, racialized and inherited”  By 1690, the America and West Indies saw approximately 30,000 African people shipped from Africa. A century later, that number grew to 85,000 people per year.  By 1867, approximately 12.5 million people (about twice the population of Arizona) left Africa in a slave ship. What Changed? 1. End of the Slave Trade- Left a need for trade between Europe and Africa. 2. Innovation in technology- The steam engine and iron hulled boats allowed Europe 3. Discovery of new raw materials- Explorers located vast raw materials and resources and this only spurred imperialism with Europe in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. 4. Politics- Unification of Germany and Italy left little room to expand in Europe. Germany and Italy both needed raw materials to “catch up” with Britain and France so they looked to Africa. The Scramble for Africa  The scramble started in 1870.  Although some coastal land had previously been acquired before 1870, the need for territory quickly accelerated as European countries looked t get deeper into Africa.  Within 20 years, nearly all continents were placed under imperialistic rule. Who was Involved?  Great Britain  France  Germany  Italy  Portugal  Belgium  Spain (kind) Violent Affairs  Violence broke out multiple times when European nations looked to claim the same territory.  Germ Chancellor. Otto van Bismarck. Attempted to avert the possibility of violence against the European powers.  In 1884, Bismarck organized a conference in Berlin for the European nations. The Berlin Conference (1884-85)  The conference looked to set ground rules for future annexation of African territory by European Nations.  Annexation is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state’s territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory.  From a distant perspective, it looked like it would reduce tensions among European nations and avert war.  At the heart of the meeting, these European countries negotiated their claims to African territory, made it official and then mapped their regions.  Furthermore, the leaders agreed to allow free trade among imperialized territory and some homework for negotiating future European claims in Africa was established. Further Path  After the conference, european powers continued to expand their claims in Africa so that by 1900. 90% of the African territory had been claimed. A Turn towards Colonization?  Upon the imperialization of African territory, European nations and little interest in African land unless it produced economic wealth.  Therefore, European governments put little effort and expertise into these imperialized regions.  In most cases, this emat a form of indirect rule. Thus, governing the natin without sufficient settlement and government from within the mother country. Some Exceptions  There were some exemptions through in Africa as colonization was a necessary for some regions i n Africa.  Some regions where diamonds and gold were present. Government looked to protectorate the regions and establish rule and settlement in the regions.  Protectorates: A state controlled and protected by another state for defense against aggression and other law violations. Would  Some examples include South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Congo. Conclusion  Although it may appear that the Berlin Conference averted war amid the African Scramble, imperialism eventually brought the world into worldwide conflict.  With the continued desire to create an empire by European nations. World War 1 would break out which can be linked to this quest at imperialism.
Updated 490d ago
note Note
Imperialism Rise in Nationalism • During the French and Industrial Revolution, nationalism continued to inspire nations to increase their political and economic power. • Nationalism became the ideal force in the political, economic, and cultural life in the world, becoming the first universal ideology-organizing all people into a nation state. Nationalism Defined • The strong belief that the interest of a particular nation-state is of primary importance. o Nation-State – a state where the vast majority shares the same culture and is conscious of it. It is an ideal in which cultural boundaries match up with political ones. • As an ideology, it is based on the idea that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual/group interests. • Exalting one nation’s belief above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests, excluding the interests of others. Changing the World through a Nationalistic Vision • The French Revolution significantly changed the political world and how countries govern. • The Industrial Revolution significantly changed the economic world. • The Age of Imperialism (1870-1914) dramatically changed the political, economic, and social world. What is Imperialism? • Imperialism- The policy of extending the rule of authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. Power and influence are done through diplomacy or military force. Reasons for Imperialism • There are 5 main motives for empires to seek to expand their rule over other countries or territories: 1. Exploratory • Imperial nations wanted to explore territory unknown to them. • The main purpose for this exploration of new lands was for resource acquisition, medical or scientific research. o Charles Darwin • Other reasons: o Cartography (map making) o Adventure 2. Ethnocentric • Europeans acted on the concept of ethnocentrism o Ethnocentrism- the belief that one race or nation is superior to others. • Ethnocentrism developed out of Charles Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” theory. Philosophers used the theory to explain why there were superior races and inferior races. o This became known as Social Darwinism. • Most imperial nations believed that their cultural values or beliefs were superior to other nations or groups. • Believed imperial conquest would bring successful culture to inferior people. 3. Religious • Imperial expansion promoted a religious movement of people setting out to convert new members of conquered territories. • With the belief that Christianity was superior, missionaries believed it was their duty to spread Christianity to the world. • Christian missionaries established churches, and in doing so, they spread Western culture values as well. • Typically, missionaries spread the imperial nation's language through education and religious interactions. 4. Political • Patriotism and Nationalism helped spur our imperial growth, thus creating competition against other supremacies. • It was a matter of national pride, respect, and security. • Furthermore, European rivalry spurred nations for imperial conquest. Since land equaled power, the more land a country could acquire the more prestige they could wield across the globe. • Empires wanted strategic territory to ensure access for their navies and armies around the world. • The empire believed they must expand, thus they needed to be defended. 5. Economic • With the Industrial Revolution taking place during the same time, governments and private companies contributed to find ways to maximize profits. • Imperialized countries provided European factories and markets with natural resources (old and new) to manufacture products. • Trading posts were strategically placed around imperialized countries to maximize and increase profits. o Such places as the Suez Canal in Egypt which was controlled by the British provided strategic choke hold over many European powers. o Imperial powers competed over the best potential locations for resources, markets, and trade. History of Imperialism • Ancient Imperialism 600 BCE-500 CE o Roman Empire, Ancient China, Greek Empire, Persian Empire, Babylonian Empire. • Middle Age Imperialism (Age of Colonialism-1400-1800s) o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Netherlands (Dutch), Russia. • Age of Imperialism 1870-1914 o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Japan, United States, Ottoman Empire, Russia. • Current Imperialism...? o U.S. Military intervention (i.e. Middle East) o Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine. Imperialism Colonialism • Refers to political or economic control, either legally or illegally. • Refers to where one nation assumes control over the other. • Creating an empire, expanding into neighboring regions and expanding the dominance far outside its borders. • Where a country conquers and rules over other regions for exploiting resources from the conquered country for the conqueror's benefit. • Foreign government controls/governs a territory without significant settlement. • Foreign government controls/governs the territory from within the land being colonized. • Little to no new settlement established on fresh territory. • Movement to settle to fresh territory. Age of Colonialism WHEN? • Started around the late 1400s and ended around the late 1700s/early 1800s. WHY? • Primary Reason: European countries, wished to find a direct trade route to Asia (China & India) and the East Indies. o Quicker and relatively more effective than land routes over Asia. • Secondary Reason: Empire expansion (land power) WHO? • Countries involved: Great Britain, France, Spain, the Dutch & Portugal. • Individuals’ knowns as Mercantilists believed that maintaining imperialized territory and colonizing the region could serve as a source of wealth, while personal motives by rulers, explorers, and missionaries could therefore promote their own agenda. o This agenda being “Glory, God and Gold”. Mercantilism • Mercantilism was a popular and main economic system for many European nations during the 16th to 18th centuries. • The main goal was to increase a nation’s wealth by promoting government rule of a nation’s economy for the purpose of enhancing state power at the expense of rival national power. • It was the economic counterpart of political absolutism. Why did mercantilists want colonies? • Mercantilists believed that a country must have an excess of exports over imports. • By colonizing territory, it provided the nation with indispensable wealth of precious raw materials. • Therefore, the claimed territory served as a market and supplier of raw materials for the mother country. Which, in time, provided an excess of exports for the nation and thus created wealth. o Development of Trading Companies to support this economic system. Hudson Bay Company – (1670). Controlled primarily North America. o Dutch East Indie Trading Company (1682) o East Indian Trading Company (1600) o Royal African Trade Company (1672) WHERE? • European nations begun to colonize the America, India and the East Indies to create a direct trade route. • Great Britain was the leading power in India, Australia and North America, South Africa. • Spain colonized central and South America. • French held Louisiana, coastal land of Africa and French Guinea. • The Dutch built an empire in the East Indies. • The Portuguese was able to take control of present-day Brazil and the southern tip of South America and Japan. Age of Colonialism • As countries started to imperialize these regions, eventually the concept of colonization took hold: • This is what makes the Age of Colonialism extremely different! End of Colonialism • By 1800, colonialism became less popular • Why? o Revolutions (Spain, France & American) o The Napoleonic Wars o Struggle for nationalism and democracy. o Exhausted all money and energy to supervise their colonies. Waiting to wake again • Imperialism would stay quiet for close to 50 years before Great Britain and France’s economies revitalized. • The outbreak of the Industrial Revolution only encouraged and revitalized European nations to begin their conquest for new territory and resources. Age of Imperialism THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA 1870-1914 Conditions Prior to Imperialism of Africa  European interest in exploiting Africa was minimal.  Their economic interests & profit in Africa primarily came through coastal trade that took place during the 1500-1700s.  The slave trade became the main source of European profit.  Furthermore, disease, political instability, lack of transportation and unpredictable climate all discouraged Europeans from seeking territory. Slave Trade & the Trans-Atlantic Slave Voyages  Forced labor was not uncommon during the 13-17th Centuries. Africans and Europeans had been trading goods and people across the Mediteranea for centuries.  This all changed from 1526 to 1867, as a new system of slavery was introduced that became highly “commercialized, racialized and inherited”  By 1690, the America and West Indies saw approximately 30,000 African people shipped from Africa. A century later, that number grew to 85,000 people per year.  By 1867, approximately 12.5 million people (about twice the population of Arizona) left Africa in a slave ship. What Changed? 1. End of the Slave Trade- Left a need for trade between Europe and Africa. 2. Innovation in technology- The steam engine and iron hulled boats allowed Europe 3. Discovery of new raw materials- Explorers located vast raw materials and resources and this only spurred imperialism with Europe in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. 4. Politics- Unification of Germany and Italy left little room to expand in Europe. Germany and Italy both needed raw materials to “catch up” with Britain and France so they looked to Africa. The Scramble for Africa  The scramble started in 1870.  Although some coastal land had previously been acquired before 1870, the need for territory quickly accelerated as European countries looked t get deeper into Africa.  Within 20 years, nearly all continents were placed under imperialistic rule. Who was Involved?  Great Britain  France  Germany  Italy  Portugal  Belgium  Spain (kind) Violent Affairs  Violence broke out multiple times when European nations looked to claim the same territory.  Germ Chancellor. Otto van Bismarck. Attempted to avert the possibility of violence against the European powers.  In 1884, Bismarck organized a conference in Berlin for the European nations. The Berlin Conference (1884-85)  The conference looked to set ground rules for future annexation of African territory by European Nations.  Annexation is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state’s territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory.  From a distant perspective, it looked like it would reduce tensions among European nations and avert war.  At the heart of the meeting, these European countries negotiated their claims to African territory, made it official and then mapped their regions.  Furthermore, the leaders agreed to allow free trade among imperialized territory and some homework for negotiating future European claims in Africa was established. Further Path  After the conference, european powers continued to expand their claims in Africa so that by 1900. 90% of the African territory had been claimed. A Turn towards Colonization?  Upon the imperialization of African territory, European nations and little interest in African land unless it produced economic wealth.  Therefore, European governments put little effort and expertise into these imperialized regions.  In most cases, this emat a form of indirect rule. Thus, governing the natin without sufficient settlement and government from within the mother country. Some Exceptions  There were some exemptions through in Africa as colonization was a necessary for some regions i n Africa.  Some regions where diamonds and gold were present. Government looked to protectorate the regions and establish rule and settlement in the regions.  Protectorates: A state controlled and protected by another state for defense against aggression and other law violations. Would  Some examples include South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Congo. Conclusion  Although it may appear that the Berlin Conference averted war amid the African Scramble, imperialism eventually brought the world into worldwide conflict.  With the continued desire to create an empire by European nations. World War 1 would break out which can be linked to this quest at imperialism.
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