Intro to Cellular Respiration :/

Oxidation

When a molecule LOSES electrons through breaking of chemical bond

Reduction

When a molecule GAINS electrons through building of chemical bond

Reduction is a _________ reaction

Anabolic reaction

Oxidation is a _________ reaction

Catabolic reaction

OIL RIG

Oxidation is Loss of electrons — Reduction is Gain of electrons

(NAD⁺)

Oxidised form of a molecule

NADH

Reduced form of a molecule

(NAD⁺) + (H⁺) + (2e- ): The bolded text is…

Oxidised form of a molecule

(NAD⁺) + (H⁺) + (2e- ): The bolded text is…

Proton

(NAD+) + (H+) + (2e- ): The bolded text is…

Electron

Cellular respiration

Process your cells use to generate energy from glucose

When glucose is oxidised….

The energy stored in its chemical bonds is released then captured in chemical bonds of newly formed ATP molecules

Energy-poor electrons are

Given to oxygen (which reduces it)

How do you make ATP from Glucose?

1. Glycolysis

2. Pyruvate oxidation

3. The Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs)

4. Oxidative phosphorylation

glycolysis

Split the glucose into pyruvate molecules

Pyruvate oxidation

Move the pyruvates into the mitochondria & process them

The Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle

Remove energy-rich electrons from the processed pyruvates

Oxidative phosphorylation (simplified)

Use the energy from those high energy electrons to build ATP

ATP is build by

Phosphorylating ADP or using oxidative phosphorylation

Phosphorylating in ATP definition

A new chemical bond is built between ADP & a phosphate group, which stores the energy of ATP in the chemical bond

Substrate-level phosphorylation in ATP (definition)

A phosphate group is removed from one molecule (the substrate). It is then directly attached to ADP

Oxidative phosphorylation

Uses the Electron Transport Chain & Chemiosmosis.

1. ETC creates a proton concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

2. ATP synthase uses the energy of that gradient to build ATP using chemiosmosis

Chemiosmosis

ATP Synthase is the ATP-generating protein of oxidative phosphorylation

Electron Carriers

“Capture” the energy from one chemical reaction & transport it to a different part of the cell to be used

Primary elctron carriers

NAD⁺/NADH and FAD/FADH₂

Electron carriers process

NAD⁺ receives electrons and picks up a hydrogen, then transports it to the mitochondrial matrix (Kreb’s cycle location)