Hypothesis Testing

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts in hypothesis testing.

Hypothesis (in Statistics)

A statement of the status quo - what is the current state.

Null Hypothesis (H0)

The status quo statement; the current state of the events described.

Parameter

A quantitative measure of the population.

Population Proportion (p)

The number of people affected by a condition, generally divided by 100 or 1000; a population parameter in hypothesis testing.

H0: p = 0.35

Statement of status quo - the latest information is that 35% of consumers favor the fruit and vegetable cereal.

H1: p ≠ 0.35

Statement we want to prove - is it possible that the percent of consumers favoring the fruit and vegetable cereal DOES NOT equal 35%?

Two-Tailed Test

A test where the sample data disproves the Null Hypothesis as p0 ≠ p1.

H0: p = 0.70

Statement of status quo describing the latest information that 70% of customers favor store cafes.

H1: p > 0.70

A statement that we want to prove, describing the percent of customers favoring the store cafes is greater than 70%.

Right-Tailed Test

Based on the scenario, p > 0.70 (the proportion of customers in favor of the store cafes is greater than 0.70).

H0: p = 0.04

Statement of status quo describing the latest information that 4% of UHart students are in favor of V8 juice in the Commons Dining Hall.

H1: p < 0.04

A statement we want to prove. The population proportion of students who enjoy V8 juice in Commons Dining Hall is less than 4%.

Left-Tailed Test

Based on the scenario, p < 0.04 has occurred.