8th Grade Chemistry
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Last updated 12:16 PM on 5/28/24
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34 Terms
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Matter
anything that takes up space and has mass
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Proton
positively charged subatomic particle
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Neutron
A subatomic particle that has no charge
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Electron
a negatively charged subatomic particle
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Nucleus
Center of an atom
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atomic mass
Number of protons and neutrons in an atom
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atomic number
the number of protons in an atom
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valence electrons
Electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom
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Ion
An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.
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Cation
an atom with more protons than electrons. positively charged
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Anion
an atom with more electrons than protons. negatively charged
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Element
A pure substance made of only one kind of atom
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Compound
something made up of two or more elements
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Solubility
The ability to dissolve in another substance
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Solute
Substance being dissolved
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Solvent
substance doing the dissolving
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Saturated
A solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute in a concentration.
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Supersaturated
A solution that contains more than the maximum amount of dissolved solute in a concentration.
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Unsaturated
A solution that contains less than the maximum amount of dissolved solute in a concentration.
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Law of Conservation of Matter
matter cannot be created or destroyed
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closed system
matter is not allowed to enter or leave, has a lid
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open system
matter can enter and leave, no lid
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Decomposition
A substance that breaks down into two or more simpler substances
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Synthesis
two substances combine to make a more complex substance
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AB->A+B
Decomposition formula
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A+B->AB
synthesis formula
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single displacement
one element replaces another in a compound
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double displacement
two ionic compounds react and the ions switch partners
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AB+C->AC+B
single displacement formula
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AB+CD->AC+BD
double displacement formula
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Combustion
a substance reacts with oxygen to create water, carbon dioxide, and a large amount of heat or light
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AB+O2->CO2+H2O+Energy
Combustion formula
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catalyst
substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
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collision theory
states that particles must collide in order to react
Note 
Flashcards (86)