CPR Online Class

After positioning yourself directly above the victim's head, what is the correct order of steps for using a bag-mask device?

1. Place the mask on the victim's face, using the bridge of the nose as a guide for the correct position

2. Use the E-C clamp technique to hold the mask in place while you lift the jaw to hold the airway open

3. Squeeze the bag to give breaths (1 second each) while watching for chest rise

How are breaths delivered using a bag-mask device?

1 breath over 1 second, while watching for chest rise

Why an AED is needed

- Most sudden cardiac arrests are triggered by abnormal heart rhythms called arrhythmias

- Two life-threatening arrhythmias that can cause cardiac arrest are pulseless ventricular tachycardia(pVT) and ventricular Fibrillation (VF) where the heart's electrical impulses suddenly become chaotic and ineffective

- Blow flow to the brain stops abruptly, and the victim loses consciousness

-Death usually follows unless a normal heart rhythm and pulse are restored within minutes

Why is an AED needed?

To analyze the heart rhythm and provide a shock

After an AED delivers a shock, what should the rescuers do next?

Resume CPR, starting with chest compressions

How to Use an AED

Step 1: Power on the AED if needed
- Follow the prompts (as a guide to next steps)

Step 2: Choose adult pads for victim 8 years of age and older
- Attack the adhesive AED pads to the victim's bare chest
- Follow the diagrams on the pads

Step 3: When AED prompts you, clear the victim during analysis. Be sure no one is touching the victim, not even the rescuer in charge of giving breaths
- Some AEDs will tell you to push a button to allow the AED to begin analyzing the heart rhythm; others will do automatically
- The AED may take a few seconds to analyze

Step 4:
If the AED advises a shock:
- it will charge and then tell you again to clear the victim
- Clear the victim before delivering the shock
- Pressure the shock button
- The shock will produce a sudden contraction of the victim's muscles
- After any shock delivery, immediately resume CPR

If no shock is needed:
- Immediately resume CPR, starting with compressions

Where should the AED pads be placed in the anterolateral placement for adults and children 8 years or older?

-Below the right collarbone

-Side of left nipple

AED pad placement: Adults and children 8 years and older

Anterolateral Placement:
- place one pad directly bellow the right collarbone
- Place the other pad to the side of the left nipple, with the top edge of the pad a few inches below the armpit

Anteroposterior placement:
- Place one AED pad on the left side of the chest, halfway between the tip of the breastbone and left nipple with upper edge of the pad below the nipple line
- Place the other pad on the left side of victim's back, beneath the should blade, next to the spine

What is recommended to minimize interruptions in compressions when using an AED?

- Continue with a high-quality CPR until an AED prompts to clear

- If no shock is advised and after any shock delivery, immediately resume high-quality CPR, starting with chest compressions

- When 2 or more rescuers are present, one rescuer should continue chest compressions while the other prepares the AED

Scene Safety, Responsive and Assessment

The first step in the adult BLS sequence for 1 or 2 or more rescuers is to verify the scene is safe

Check for responsiveness and get help. Tap the victim's should and shout, "Are you OK?

If the victim is not responsive, shout for nearby help. If you are alone get the AED/defibrillator; if someone else is available send that person to get it

Next, look for no breathing or only gasping and check the pulse simultaneously. Is a pulse definitely felt within 10 seconds?

If there is normal breathing and a pulse felt, monitor until emergency responders arrive

If there is no normal breathing and pulse is felt, provide rescue breathing, Give 1 breath every 6 seconds, or 10 breaths/min. Check the pulse every 2 minutes and if there is no pulse, start CPR. If possible opioid overdose, administer naloxone if available per protocol

If there is no normal breathing or only gasping and a pulse is not felt, start CPR. Perform cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths and use the AED as soon as it is available

Once the AED arrives, check the rhythm

If the rhythms is shockable, give 1 shock and resume CPR immediately for 2 minutes until prompted by the AED to allow a rhythm check

If rhythm is nonshockable, resume CPR immediately for 2 minutes, until prompted by the AED to allow a rhythm check

Continue CPR until ALS provider take over or the victim starts to move

Adult BLS algorithms for health care providers

Verify Scene Safety

Check for Responsiveness
- Tap the victim's shoulders and shout, "Are you OK?"
- If the victim is not responsive, shout for nearby help.
- Activate the emergency response system via mobile device
- Get the AED or send someone to do so

Look for no breathing or only gasping and check the pulse( simultaneously). Is a pulse definitely felt within 10 seconds?

Normal breathing, pulse felt
- monitor until emergency responders arrive

No normal breathing, pulse felt
- 1 breath every 6 seconds, or 10 breaths/min
- Check the pulse every 2 min
- If no pulse, start CPR
- If possible opioids overdose, administer naloxone if available per protocol

No normal breathing and only gasping, pulse not felt
- Start CPR
- Perform cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths
- Use AED as soon as it is possible

Once the AED arrives, check the Rhythm:

Shockable rhythm:
- give 1 shock and resume CPR immediately for 2 minutes (until prompted by AED to allow rhythm check)

Nonshockable Rhythm
- Resume CPR immediately for 2 minutes ( until prompted by AED to allow rhythm check)

Continue CPR until ALS provider take over or the victims starts to move

Pediatric Chain of Survival

Early recognition and prevention

Activation of Emergency Response

High- Quality CPR

Advanced resuscitation

Post Cardiac Arrest Care

Recovery

What is the perferred method for pulse in an infant?

Place 2 or 3 fingers on the inside upper arm, midway between the infant's elbow and shoulder

What are the correct actions to take for scene safety and assessment?

Verify scene is safety

Check for responsiveness

Activate the emergency response system and get an AED

Look for no breathing and only gasping and check pulse

Begin CPR if no breathing or no gasping and no pulse felt

When should the rescuer operating the AED clear the victim?

During Analysis and before shock delivery

Critical Components of Chest compressions: Children

Rate: 100 to 120/min

Depth: approximately 2 inchest(5 cm)

Hand Placement: 2 hands on the lower half of the breastbone (sternum); Could use 1 hand for a very small child

Chest Recoil: allow complete recoil, do not lean on the chest

Minimizing Interruptions: limit interruptions to less than 10 seconds

You and your colleague respond to an adult victim who is unresponsive. After assessing the victim is not breathing and has no pulse, what do you instruct your colleague to do?

Activate the emergency response system and get AED

What is the target rate for chest compression for children?

100 to 120/min

During CPR on child, you should place 1 or 2 hand over the________ of the _________

Lower half; Breastbone

Two life-threatening arrhythmias that can cause cardiac arrest are pulseless ventricular tachycardia and _________

Ventricular fibrillation

During CPR on a child, interruption to chest compression should be limited to no more than ______ seconds

10

Critical Components of Chest Compressions: Infants

In infants rescuer should compress at a rate of 100 to 120 per minutes, to a depth of approxiatemly 1 1/2 inches (4 cm)

For 1 rescuer, 2 finger should be positioned in the center of the chest, just below the nipple line

For 2 rescuers, use the 2 thumb, encircling hands technique by positioning the thumbs in the center of the chest, just below the nipple line

One rescuer may also use the 2 thumb, encircling hand technique or the hell of 1 hand

You should allow complete recoil of the chest after each compression

It important to avoid leaning on the chest between compressions

Interruption in chest compressions should be limited to less than 10 seconds

When performing chest compression for an infant, you can use 2 thumbs or put 2 _____ in the center of the chest, just below the _____ line

fingers, nipple

When performing chest compression for an infant in a 2-rescuer situation, you should put 2 ______ in the center of the chest, on lower half of breast bone

thumbs

What are the recommended compression-to-ventilation rations for infants and children?

1 Rescuer: 30: 2

2 or more rescuers: 15:2

Witnessed Vs Unwitnessed Collapse: Children and Infants

Witnessed Collapse of child/infant:
- If you are alone with no mobile phone, leave the victim to activate the emergency response system and get the AED before beginning CPR. Use the AED as soon a it it available

- If you are not alone, send someone to get the AED to begin CPR immediately. Use the AED as soon as it is available

- If you are with someone, you should send them to get the AED and begin CPR immediately

Unwitnessed Collapse Children/ Infants:
- If you are alone, start CPR with cycle of 30:2
- If you are not alone, send someone to get the AED and begin CPR immediately. Used the AED as soon as it is available

- After about 2 minutes, if you are still alone, activate the emergency response system and get an AED if not already done

- Use the AED as soon as it is available

1. immediately give 2 min of CPR, then leave the victim to activate emergency response system and get AED
2. Return to child or infant and resume CPR
3. use AED as soon as it is available

What is a correct approach for AED pad placement for infants and children less than 8 year of age?

As indicated on the pad packages

AED pad placement: Infants and Children less than 8 year of age

Pad Choice:
- If your AED includes smaller-sized pads that are designed for children under 8 year of age, use them

-If not, use the adult pads while making sure that they don't touch or overlap

- Do not use the child pads for an adult. The shock dose is too small for an adult

Pad Placement:
- Some AED pads recommend placing one pad on the chest and one pad on the back for infants and children

- Follow the pictures on the pad packages for proper placment

When performing high-quality CPR on a child, what is the correct depth of compressions?

Approximately 2 inches (5 cm)

Pediatric BLS algorithm for healthcare providers- Single Rescuer

Verify scene safety

Check for responsiveness:
- tap the victim's children and should, "Are you OK?"
- If victim if not responsive, shout for nearby help
- Activate the emergency response system via mobile devices

Look for no breathing and only gasping and check the pulse (simultaneously). Is a pulse definitely felt within 10 seconds?

Normal Breathing and a pulse is felt
- monitor until emergency responders arrive

No normal breathing and a pulse is felt
- give rescue breath 2-3 sec (20-30 breaths per min)
- Assess pulse rate for no more than 10 seconds

Heart Rate <60/min w/ signs of poor perfusion
- start CPR

Heart Rate greater than or equal to 60/min
- continue rescue breathing
- check pulse every 2 min
- if no pulse, start CPR
No breathing or only gasping and no pulse is felt
- Witnessed: activate the emergency response system, retrieve the AED and begin CPR
- Unwitnessed: begin CPR immediately

CPR
- perform cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths
- when a second rescuer arrives, perform cycles of 15 compressions and 2 breaths
- Use the AED as soon as it is available

After about 2 min, if still alone, Activate the emergency response system and retrieve the AED (if not already done)

Once AED arrives, check the rhythm:

Shockable rhythm:
- give 1 shock. Resume CPR immediately for 2 min ( until prompted by the AED to allow a rhythm check)

Nonshockable rhythm:
- Resume CPR immediately for 2 minutes (until prompted by the AED to allow rhythm check)

Continue CPR until ALS providers take over or the child starts to move

When performing chest compression for an infant in a 2-rescuer situations, you should put 2 _____ in the center of the chest on the lower half of the breastbone

thumbs

Pediatric BLS algorithm for healthcare provider- 2 or more rescuers

Verify scene safety

Check for responsiveness
- tap the victims's should and shout, "Are you OK?"
- If the victim is not responsive, shout for nearby help
- First rescuer remains with the child
- The second rescuer activates the emergency response system and get the AED

Look for no breathing or only gasping and check the pulse (simultaneously). if a pulse definitely felt within 10 seconds?

Normal breathing and a pulse is felt
- monitor until emergency responders arrive

No normal breathing and a pulse is felt
- give rescue breaths 2-3 second (20-30 breaths per min)
- Assess pulse rate for no more than 10 seconds

Heart rate less than 60/min with signs of poor perfusions
- Start CPR

Heart rate greater or equal to 60/min
- continue rescue breathing
- check pulse every 2 min
- if no pulse, start CPR

No breathing or only gasping, no pulse is felt
- Begin CPR
- The first rescuer begins CPR with a 30:2 ration
- when the second rescuer returns, use a 15: 2 ratio

Use the AED as soon as it is available

Once AED arrives, check the rhythm:

Shockable rhythm:
- give 1 shock and immediately resume CPR

Nonshockable rhythm:
- Immediately resume CPR for about 2 min

Continue CPR with a ratio of 15:2 until ALS provider take over or the victim starts to move

What is the recommended depth of compressions in infants?

Approximately 1 1/2 inches (4 cm)

Minimizing Interruption while using an AED

When 2 or more rescuers are present
- one rescuer should continue chest compressions while the other operates the AED

Rescuers should continue high-quality CPR
- until the AED deliver a prompt to clear the victim for analysis

- If no shock is advised and after any shock delivery, immediately resume high quality CPR, starting with chest compressions

To avoid fatigue, when should the team role alternate providing compressions?

Every 5 cycle or 2 minutes

Where should AED pads be placed in the anteroposterior placement for adult and children 8 year and older?

-Left side of the chest
- Left side of the back

What team role keeps track of interruption in compressions?

Timer/Recorder

Which team roles makes treatment decisions and assigns role?

Team Leader

What are example of effective team dynamics?

- knowledge sharing
- debriefing
- constructive intervention
- clear roles and responsibilities

Where should AED pads be placed in the anterolateral placement for adults and children 8 year or older?

- Below the right collarbone
- Side of left nipple

When should AED pads be placed in the anteroposterior placement for adults and children 8 year and older?

- Left side of the chest
- Left side of the back

While performing high-quality CPR, when do pauses in compressions typically occur?

- Rhythm analysis
- Compressor switches
- Defibrillation
- Intubation
- Pulse checks

Which of the following are resuscitation triangle role in a high-performance team?

-Compressor

-AED/Monitor/Defibrillator]

-Airway

AED pad placement: infants and children less than 8 years of age

pad choice:
- if your AED includes smaller-sized pads that are designed for children under 8 years of age, use them
- If not, use the adult pads while making sure that they don't touch or overlap
- Do not use the child pads for an adult. The shock dose is too small for an adult

Pad Placement:
- Some AED pads recommend placing one pad on the chest and one pad on the back for infants and children
- Follow the pictures on the pad package for proper placment

which team members are responsible for the following role?

-Compressor-Assess patient, performs chest compressions, switches with the AED/monitor every 5 cycles.

-AED/Monitor/Defibrillator- brings in & operates AED, positions monitor so it can be seen by everyone, switches with compressor every 5 cycles.

-Airway- opens and maintains airway, provides ventilation.

Assigning your team members to individual roles and outlining what each member needs to do during the resuscitation attempt is an example of what element of high- performance team dynamics?

clear roles and responsibilities

You and your team initiated compression and ventilation. the AED was attached, and "no shock" was advicsed. Your team has continued CPR for 1 min. You tell your team in a respectful, clear, and calm voice, "Leslie, during the next analysis by the AED, I want you and Justin to switch positions, and I want you to perform compressions for next cycles" Leslie replies "Got it. Next time the AED analyzes, I will switch with Justin and assume the role of compressor.

This is an example of which element of high-performance team dynamics?

Closed-loop communciation

As team leader, you notice that your compressor is pushing too fast. It is important to correct action that are incorrect, but it is also important to be tactful when delivering this correction to a colleague.

This is an example of what element of team dynamics?

Constructive intervention

What Action can you take as a team during and after resuscitation attempt that help individual team members perform better and brings awareness to system strength and deficiencies?

Debriefing

AED Special Considerations

Hairy Chest:
- If your AED has 1 set of pads and a razor- quickly shave the area and then apply the pads
- If your AED has 2 set of pads- use the first set to remove the hair. Apply the first set of pads, press them down so they stick as much as possible, and quickly pull them off. Then apply the new, second set of pads

Water:
- If someone is lying in water, quickly move the victim to a dry area
-- If victim is lying in snow or small puddle, use the AED
- If the chest is covered with water or sweat, wipe the chest before attaching the pads

Transdermal Medicine Patch:
- do not place the pad directly over a medicine patch
- Take the patch off and quickly wipe the chest before you put on the pad

AED special considerations

Implanted Defibrillator or Pacemaker:
- If you see a lump indicating a device, avoid placing the pad directly over it

Defibrillation for infants less than 1 year of Age
- A manual defibrillator is preferred rather than an AED
- If a manual defibrillator is not available, an AED with a pediatric dose attenuator is perferred

- If neither is available, you may use an AED without a pediatric dose attenuator

What is an indication for mouth-to mouth rescue breaths?

When a barrier device is not available

Your adult friend suddenly collapses at home, you determine she needs CPR. You begin CPR, starting with chest compressions and are about to deliver breaths by using mouth-to-mouth breaths. You open the airway with a head tilt- chin lift

What is the sequence of your next Actions?

1. Pinch the nose and seal your lips around the victim's mouth

2. Give 1 breath and blow for about 1 seconds

3. Watch for chest rise while giving the breath

4. Give a second breath (blowing for about 1 second, watching for chest rise)

Mouth-to-mouth- and nose breathing: Infants

Step 1: open the infant's airway with a head tilt-chin lift

Step 2: Place your mouth over infant's mouth and nose to create an airtight seal

Step 3: Give one breath, blowing for about 1 second. Watch for the chest to rise as you give the breath

Rescue Breathing: Adults, children, and infants

Adults:
- Give 1 breath every 6 seconds (10 breaths/min)
- Give each breath over 1 second and make sure there is visible chest rise with each breath
- During rescue breathing- Check the victim's pulse every 2 minutes

Children and Infants:
- Give 1 breath every 2-3 seconds (20-30 breaths/min)
- Give each breath over 1 second, and make sure there is chest rise with each breath
-During rescue breathing, check the victim's pulse every 2 minutes

When providing rescue breaths to child or infant victim, you should give 1 breath every ____ to ____ seconds

2, 3

How is CPR performed differently when an advanced airway is in place?

No pauses for ventilations (breathing)

What is the correct sequence of actions for performing mouth-to mouth- and nose breaths for an infants?

1. Perform a head tilt- chin lift

2. Place your mouth over the infant's mouth and nose to create an airtight seal

3. Give one breath, blowing for about 1 second, watching for chest rise

When an advanced airway is in place, chest compressions should be provided at a rate of _____ to _____ per minute

100, 200

When providing rescue breaths to an adult victim, you should give ____ breath(s) every _____ seconds

1, 6

With an advanced airway in place, rescue breaths should be given at a rate of _____ breath(s) every ____ second (s) for adults.

1, 6

What are common administration route for naloxone?

- Intramuscular
- Intravenous
- Intranasal

Opioid- Associated Life-threatening Emergency

Opioid-associated life-threatening emergency is a condition that can cause a person to stop breathing but still have a pulse

Naloxone is a medication that can temporarily reverse the effects of opioid overdose
-- common route of administration for naloxone includes intravenous, intramuscular, and intranasal

For person who is unresponsive and not breathing normally but has a pulse:
- Give 1 rescue breath every 6 seconds in an adult
- Give 1 rescue breaths every 2-3 seconds in a child or infants
- Then, if your local protocol allows, give naloxone. Don't delay breaths to give naloxone

A rescuer arrive at the side of an adult victim and suspects an opioid-associated life-threatening emergency

The victim if unresponsive and not breathing normally but has a pulse

What is the next action the rescuer should take?

Give 1 rescue breath every 6 seconds

Cardiac Arrest in a pregnant patient

High-quality CPR can increase the mother's and the infant's chance of survival

Perform compression and use an AED as you would for any cardiac arrest victim, shock from AED will not harm the infant

If additional rescuer are present and rescuers are trained perform continuous lateral uterine displacement, in addition to high-quality BLS

If the women is revived, place her on her left side. This may help improve blood flow to the heart and therefore, to the infant

What is a sign of severe airway obstruction?

Inability to speak

Signs of choking: adults and children

With sever airway obstruction, the victim will show signs of poor air exchange and difficulty breathing such as:
- silent cough
- inability to speak or breathe
- cyanosis (turning blue)

For an adult or older child may clutch the neck with both hands, making the universal choking sign. If the victim nods that they are coking, you must act

When performing abdominal thrust on adult and children, in which direction should you thrust be directed?

Upward

Choking in obese and pregnant victims

If the victim is too large for you to wrap your arm around the waist
- wrap your arm around his or her chest
- Perform chest thrust instead of abdominal thrust

Choking: Unresponsive adults or children

If a choking victim becomes unresponsive, send someone to activate the emergency response system

Lower the victim to ground

Perform CPR with 1 exception: each time you open the airway to give breath, look for the obstructing object

If you see an object that can be easily removed, carefully remove with your finger. Do not blind finger sweep

You respond to collapsed pregnant female as an only rescuer

You follow the BLS sequence and find that she is unresponsive, is not breathing and has no pulse

She is visibly pregnant

You activate the emergency response team

What is your next action?

Begin chest compressions

Choking in infants

Step 1:
- First sit or kneel with the infant in your lap
- Hold the infant facedown and resting on your forearm, with the head slightly lower than the chest
- support the head and jaw with your hand

Step 2:
- Rest your forearm on thigh to provide support
- Deliver up to 5 back slaps forcefully between the infant's shoulder blades, using the heel of your hand
-- Deliver each slap with sufficient force to attempt to remove the foreign body

Step 3:
- Place your free hand on the infant's back, supporting the head with palm of your hand. This will cradle the infant as you turn the infant over faceup
- Keep the infant's head lower than chest, and deliver up to 5 quick downward chest thrusts
-- Do this at a rate of about 1 per second, each with intention of creating enough force to dislodge the foreign body
- Repeat the sequence until the object is removed or the infant becomes unresponsive

If the choking victim is too large for you to wrap your arm around the waist, you should perform _____ thrusts

chest

Relief of choking: Unresponsive Infant

If the infant becomes unresponsive

- shout for help and send someone to activate the emergency response system

- place the infant on a hard, flat surface

- Begin CPR with 1 exception: each time you open the airway to give breath, look for the obstructing object

-If you see an object that can easily removed, carefully remove it with your fingers. Do not do a blind finger sweep

- If you are alone, after 2 minutes or 5 cycles of CPR, activate the emergency response system

How does CPR differ in an unresponsive adult choking victim?

The airway is checked for the obstructing object

What does a chest compression feedback device montior?

-Chest recoil
- Compression depth
- Compression rate

How can you achieve a high chest compression fraction?

Minimize pauses in chest compressions

You should deliver ____ back slaps and _____ chest thrust to a choking infant who is responsive

5, 5

When a choking infant becomes unresponsive, what is the one thing you need to do differently when performing CPR?

Check the airway for obstructing object

Witnessed Vs Unwitnessed collapse: children and infants

Witnessed collapse:
- if you are alone with no mobile phone, leave the victim to activate the emergency response system and get the AED before beginning CPR. Use the AED as soon as it is available
- If you are not alone, send someone to get the AED and begin CPR immediately. Use the AED as soon as it is available

Unwitnessed collapse
- If you are alone, start CPR with cycle of 30:2
- If you are not alone, send someone to get the AED and begin CPR immediately. Use the AED as soon as it is available
- After about 2 minutes, if you are still alone, activate the emergency response system and get an AED if not already done
- Use the AED as soon as it is available

What are the special consideration for defibrillation in children less than 8 year of age?

- A manual defibrillator is preferred for infants less than 1 year of age

- If child pad are not included, use adult pads

- Use smaller-sized pads, if available

Adult chain of survival

- Early recognition and prevention

- Activation of Emergency response

- High-quality CPR

- Defibrillation

- Post-Cardiac Arrest Care

- Recovery

You witnessed the collapse of a child

You are the only rescuer and do not have a mobile phone

After confirming no breathing and no pulse, what is your next step?

Leave the victim to activate the emergency response system and get the AED

What is the correct order steps of the Pediatric Out- of- hospital chain of survival?

1. Prevention
2. Activation of emergency response team
3. High-quality CPR
4. Advanced Resuscitation
5. Post-cardiac arrest care
6. Recovery

What is the correct order of steps in the In-hospital chain of survival for adults?

1. Early recognition and prevention
2. Activation of emergency response
3. High-quality CPR
4. Defibrillation
5. Post-cardiac arrest care
6. Recovery

Pulse Check: Infants

Follow these steps to check the brachial artery pulse in an infant

Step 1: Place 2-3 fingers on the inside of the upper arm, between the elbow an shoulder

Step 2: Then press the finger to attempt to feel the pulse for at least 5 but no more than 10 seconds
- If you do not feel a pulse within 10 seconds, or the heart rate is 60/min or less, begin high-quality CPR, starting with chest compressions

Pulse Check: Children

To perform a pulse check in a child, feel for carotid for femoral pulse

Follow these steps to check the femoral artery pulse

Step 1:
- Place 2 or 3 fingers in inner thigh, midway between the hip bone and the pubic bone and just below the crease where the leg meet the torso

Step 2:
- Feel for a pulse for a least 5 but no more than 10 seconds
- If you do not feel a pulse within 10 seconds, or heart rate is less than 60/min or less begin high-quality CPR, starting with chest comrpession

What is recommended to minimize interruption in compressions when using an AED

When 2 or more rescuers are present, one rescuer should continue chest compression while the other prepares the AED

Continue with high-quality CPR until an AED prompts to clear

If no shock is advised after any shocks delivery, immediately resume high-quality CPR, starting with chest compressions

What is the preferred method for pulse check in an infant

place 2 or 3 fingers on the inside of the upper arm, midway between the infant's elbow and shoulder

Scene Safety, Responsiveness and Assessment

Scene Safety- make sure the scene is safe for you and the victim

Check for Responsiveness- tap victim shoulder. shout "Are you okay"

If victim is not responsive, activate the emergency response system via mobile device. Get AED or someone to do it

Assess for breathing or pulse- to minimize delay in starting CPR. You may assess breathing and pulse at same time (should take about 10 sec)

To check for breathing, scan victim for rise and fall for no more than 10 sec
- if victim not breathing or only gasping be prepared to begin high-quality CPR
- Gasping is not normal breathing and sign of cardiac arrest

To perform pulse on adult feel for carotid pulse

Steps to feel for carotid pulse

-locate the trachea (on side closes to groove) using 2 or 3 fingers

-Slide those fingers into groove between trachea and muscle of side of neck where you can feel carotid pulse

- Feel for a pulse for at least 5 sec no more than 10 sec. If you do not feel a pulse. Begin CPR, starting with chest compression

Components of a pulse check in unresponsive victim

- use 2 or 3 fingers to locate the pulse

-Assess for a pulse for at least 5 sec but no more than 10 sec

-Feel the pulse in the groove to the side of trachea

What is the correct compression rate for adults?

100-120/min

Chest compression Feedback Device

- monitor CPR and provide real time feedback for aspects such as Rate, Depth and Recoil

How do you open airway for breath if a single rescuer is present?

Head tilt, chin lift

When using a pocket mask, where should rescuer be positioned?

At side of victim

How to use pocket mask?

Step 1: Position yourself victim side
- place the pocket mask on victim face, using bridge of the nose as a guide for correct positioning

Step 2: Seal the mask against the face
- using your hand that is closer to the top of victim head, place your index finger and thumb along the top edges of the mask

Step 3: Place the remaining fingers of your second hand along bony margin of the jaw and lift the jaw
- Perform a head lift-chin lift to open airway

Step 4: While you lift the jaw, press firmly and completely around the outside edge of the mask to seal the pocket mask against the face

Step 5: deliver each breath 1 sec
- enough to make the victim chest rise