whap Midterm study guide

Song Dynasty

Chinese dynasty known for Confucianism and bureaucracy.

Confucianism

Philosophy emphasizing filial piety and social harmony.

Scholar-gentry

Educated elite in imperial China managing bureaucracy.

Filial piety

Respect and duty towards one's parents and ancestors.

Buddhism

Religion influencing Asian societies with various branches.

Champa rice

High-yield rice variety boosting agricultural productivity.

Grand Canal expansion

Major infrastructure project enhancing trade in China.

Neo-Confucianism

Revival of Confucian thought integrating Buddhist elements.

Mamluk Sultanate

Islamic state in Egypt established by Turkic peoples.

Delhi Sultanates

Muslim political entities in India after the Abbasids.

House of Wisdom

Baghdad institution promoting knowledge and intellectual exchange.

Advances in mathematics

Significant developments in math during Islamic Golden Age.

Advances in medicine

Innovations in medical practices and knowledge in Islam.

'A'ishah al-Ba'uniyyah

Notable female Islamic writer and poet.

Seljuk Empire

Turkic empire influencing the Middle East and Asia.

Bhakti movement

Hindu devotional trend emphasizing personal connection to God.

Angkor Wat

Famous temple complex reflecting Hindu architecture in Cambodia.

Textiles and porcelains

Export goods contributing to Song China's economy.

Steel and iron production

Innovations enhancing manufacturing capabilities in Song China.

Cultural transfers

Exchange of ideas and traditions between cultures.

Intellectual innovation

New ideas and discoveries impacting societies in Dar al-Islam.

Bhakti movement

Devotional Hinduism emphasizing personal connection to deities.

Sufism

Mystical Islamic belief focusing on personal experience of God.

Buddhist monasticism

Religious practice involving monks dedicated to Buddhism.

Vijayanagara Empire

South Indian empire known for its wealth and culture.

Srivijaya Empire

Maritime empire in Southeast Asia, influential in trade.

Rajput kingdoms

Feudal states in India led by warrior clans.

Khmer Empire

Southeast Asian empire known for Angkor Wat.

Majapahit

Indonesian empire known for its naval power.

Sukhothai kingdom

Thai kingdom known for early Thai civilization.

Sinhala dynasties

Ancient kingdoms in Sri Lanka with Buddhist influence.

Maya city-states

Independent city-states known for advanced civilization.

Mexica (Aztec)

Empire in central Mexico known for human sacrifices.

Inca

South American empire known for extensive road systems.

Chaco

Ancestral Puebloan center known for its complex architecture.

Mesa Verde

Site of ancient cliff dwellings in Colorado.

Cahokia

Mississippian city known for its large earthen mounds.

Great Zimbabwe

African kingdom known for its stone ruins and trade.

Ethiopia

Ancient Christian kingdom in East Africa.

Hausa kingdoms

Collection of independent city-states in West Africa.

Silk Roads

Ancient trade routes connecting East and West.

Kashgar

Key trading city on the Silk Roads.

Samarkand

Cultural and economic hub along the Silk Roads.

Bills of exchange

Financial instruments for transferring money between parties.

Banking houses

Institutions providing financial services and credit.

Use of paper money

Currency made from paper, facilitating trade.

State Building

Process of establishing political structures and governance.

Mongol Khanates

New imperial states formed after Mongol Empire's expansion.

Afro-Eurasian Trade

Trade networks connecting Africa, Europe, and Asia.

Cultural Transfers

Exchange of cultural practices and knowledge between regions.

Greco-Islamic Knowledge

Integration of Greek and Islamic intellectual traditions.

Numbering Systems

Mathematical systems adopted from various cultures.

Swahili Coast

Region with powerful trading city-states along the coast.

Sultanate of Malacca

Major trading state in Southeast Asia.

Commercial Innovations

Improvements in trade practices enhancing trade volume.

Compass

Navigational tool improving maritime exploration and trade.

Astrolabe

Instrument for determining latitude at sea.

Diasporic Communities

Merchant groups maintaining cultural ties in foreign lands.

Arab Communities in East Africa

Cultural influences from Arab merchants in Africa.

Chinese Merchant Communities

Chinese traders establishing networks in Southeast Asia.

Trans-Saharan Trade

Trade routes connecting North Africa to sub-Saharan Africa.

Camel Caravans

Transport method enhancing trans-Saharan trade efficiency.

Luxury Goods Demand

Increased need for high-value products in trade.

Ming Admiral Zheng He

Chinese explorer promoting maritime trade and cultural exchange.

Monsoon Winds

Seasonal winds crucial for Indian Ocean navigation.

Textiles and Porcelains

Luxury items produced for export by artisans.

Environmental Knowledge

Understanding of geography aiding trade route development.

Interregional Contacts

Interactions between different regions fostering exchange.

Camel saddle

Technology enhancing camel transport for trade.

Caravans

Groups traveling together for safety in trade.

Cultural diffusion

Spread of cultural traditions through interactions.

Buddhism in East Asia

Cultural influence spreading from India to East Asia.

Gunpowder

Explosive material originating from China, used in warfare.

Paper

Writing material invented in China, facilitating communication.

Ibn Battuta

Famous traveler documenting his journeys across Afro-Eurasia.

Marco Polo

Venetian explorer known for his travels to Asia.

Urbanization

Increase in city populations due to trade and productivity.

Bananas in Africa

Crop diffusion enhancing nutrition and agriculture in Africa.

New rice varieties

Improved rice strains introduced to East Asia.

Citrus spread

Introduction of citrus fruits in the Mediterranean region.

Safavid-Ottoman conflict

Rivalry between two powerful empires in the Middle East.

Mughal Empire

Land-based empire in South and Central Asia.

Ottoman Empire

Empire spanning Southern Europe, Middle East, North Africa.

Manchu Empire

Empire in Central and East Asia, known for expansion.

Political rivalries

Conflicts arising from disputes between states.

Epidemic diseases

Diseases like bubonic plague spread via trade routes.

Technological innovations

New technologies enhancing trade and communication.

Cultural traditions

Practices and beliefs shared across different societies.

Economic exchange

Trade interactions leading to cultural and technological diffusion.

Environmental consequences

Effects of trade on agriculture and disease spread.

Bureaucratic elites

Officials aiding rulers in centralized governance.

Military professionals

Trained soldiers supporting state power.

Ottoman devshirme

Child recruitment system for military and bureaucracy.

Salaried samurai

Paid warriors serving Japanese feudal lords.

Divine right

Belief that monarchs derive authority from God.

Mughal mausolea

Tomb structures showcasing Mughal architectural grandeur.

Qing imperial portraits

Art representing Qing dynasty rulers' authority.

Tax farming

Private collection of taxes for profit.

Mughal zamindar

Landowners responsible for tax collection in India.

Mexica tribute lists

Records of tribute paid by conquered peoples.