Heart and Fetal Circulation

what are the major componests of the cardio vascular system?

heart, blood, blood vessles

what blood vessles carries blood away from heart?

artery

what blood vessle carries blood to the heart?

vein

what organ systems main functions are to transport oxygen, nurtrients, waste products (co2), and hormones

cardiovascular system

where is the heart located

2nd rib and 5th intercostal space left side

what does the base of the heart have?

great vessels

where does the apex of the heart point?

down to the left side

what chamber of the heart forms the right side of the heart?

right atrium

what chamber of the heart forms the anterior surface of the heart?

right ventricle

what chamber of the heart forms superior posterior surface of the heart?

left atrium

what chamber of the heart forms inferior posterior sufrace and apex of the heart?

left ventricle

what side of the heart is the pulmonary circuit?

right side

what heart chamber recieves deoxygenated blood?

right atrium

what side of the heart send deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary circuit?

right ventricle

what side of the heart is the systemic circuit?

left side

what chamber of the heart recieves oxygenated blood?

left atrium

what chamber of the heart sends oxygenated blood into systemic circuit to go to the rest of the body?

left ventricle

the right atrium recieves blood from what structures?

SVC, IVC, and cornary sinus

where is on the the back side of the right atrium?

coronary sinus

where does the coronary sinus drain blood from into the right atrium?

the walls of the heart

where does the blood go before the left atrium to get oxygenated?

lungs

what do you call an extension off of both atriums of the heart?

auricle

what do you call the muscle found in both atrium of the heart only and is rough?

pectinate m.

what do you can the finger like print that remian from embryo which used to be a hole that shunted blood from the right atrium to left atrium?

fossa ovalis

what are the discharging chambers?

ventricles

what has the function of preventing blood from back flowing?

valves

what valve is between right atrium and ventricle?

tricuspic valve (right AV valve)

what do you call the structure that attaches the papillary muscles to a valve?

chordae tendineae

what heads toward the lungs to get oxygenated?

pulmonary trtunk

what valve closes off right ventricle to prevent back flow of blood?

pulmonary semilunar valve

what is the ridge of msucles on the wall of ventricle?

trabeculae carneae

what attaches to the valve and contracts to hold valve shut and prevent back flow?

papillary muscle

what valve is where oxygenated blood goes through to reach aorta and prevents back flow into right ventricle?

aortic semilunar valve

what layer of the heart is the outer fatty layer with coronary vessels?

epicardium

what layer of the heart has cardiac muscle and pushes blood through the heart?

myocardium

what layer of the heart is the thin inner layer that comes intact with the blood of the heart?

endocardium

the azygous vein drains into what?

SVC

what drains blood from the upper limbs?

SVC

the SVC is formed by what veins coming together?

R and L brachiocephalic veins

what drains blood from the lower limbs?

IVC

at what level does the IVC go through the diaphragm to join right atrium?

T8

the IVC is formed when what two vessles come together?

R and L common iliac veins

what does the pulmonary bifurcate into?

R and L pulmonary arterires

what carries deoxygenated blood away fromright ventricle?

pulmonary arteries

what carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to left atrium?

pulmonary veins

oxygenated blood leave the aorta from what chamber of the heart?

left ventricel

what type of valves seperate atriums and ventricles?

atrioventricular valves

what valves are between ventricles and vessles coming off heart?

semilunar valves

the first sound of the heart beat is what sound?

lub

the second sound of the heart beat is what sound?

dub

the first sound of the heart beat lub is caused by what?

tricuspid and bicuspid valve closing (AV valves)

the second sound of the heart beat caued by what?

semilunar valves closing

what arteries branch off the aorta?

right and left coronary arteries

what arteries branch off the right coronary artery?

right marginal a. and post. interventricular a.

what aa branch off the left coronary artery?

ant. interventricular a. and circumflex a.

what arterey runs on top of the right ventricle?

right cornary a.

what artery runs behindt he pulmonary trunk over left ventricle?

left coronary a.

what two arteries anastomose on the heart?

ant and post interventricular aa

when does maximal blood flow to the myocardium happenes when?

heart relaxtation

when is there very little blood flow throught the coronary circulation?

heart contraction

what causes compression of coronary arteries?

contraction of myocardium

what blocks the entrace of coronary circulation?

cusps of open aortic semilunar valve

what veins create the coronary sinus?

small acrdiac vein, middle cardiac vein, and great cardiac vein

what vein runs wit the right marginal a.?

small cardiac v.

what veins runs with anterior interventricular artery?

great cardiac v.

what vein runs with posterior interventricular a.?

middle cardiac v.

what is the start of the intrinsic conduction system (start of electrical impulse)?

sinoatrial node (pacemaker)

what do we call the bundle of His?

atrioventricular bundle

what is the ending of intrinsic conduction system tha branches off bundld branches?

purkinje fibers

what do we call the part of the autonomic nervous system that is rest and digest?

parasympathetic

what do we call the part of the autonomic nervous system that is fight or flight?

sympatheic

the parasympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system does what to the heart rate?

decreases

the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system does what to the heart rate?

increases

what organ in non functioning in the fetus?

lungs

a fetus cannot provide its own what?

nutrients

a fetus cannot remove its own what?

waste

what must a fetus use due to its deficiences?

mother’s circulation

the fetus developes in what with the placenta?

uterus

what is the connection between mother and fetus?

placenta

what do we call the place where the umbilical vein and artery runs from mom to fetus?

umbilical cord

what brings nurteient rich blodd and O2 to the fetal heart?

umbilical vein

closure of the umbilical vein in fetus creates what structure in the adult?

ligamentu teres (round ligament of liver)

what is the vessle that shunts blood from the umbilical vein through the liver directly into the IVC in fetus circulation?

ductus venous

closure of the ductus venosus in fetus forms what in the adult?

ligamentum venosum

why did the foramen ovale shunt blood from right atrium to left atrium in fetal circulation?

to bypass lungs (no need for O2)

the closure of struture in fetus what creates the fossa ovalis in adults?

foramen ovale

what vessle shunts blood from left pulmonary artery to aorta in fetus?

ductus arteriosus

the closure of the ductus arteriosus in fetus forms what in the adult?

ligamentum arteriosum