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Ethics

The branch of philosophy that studies morality, or right and wrong behavior.

Metaethics

The study of the foundations of ethics, including disciplines such as epistemology and anthropology.

Moral Realism

The belief that there are moral facts, similar to scientific facts, where moral propositions can be true or false.

Moral Absolutism

The view that there are absolute standards for judging moral questions, regardless of context or consequences.

Moral Relativism

The belief that more than one moral position on a given topic can be correct.

Descriptive Cultural Relativism

The observation that people’s moral beliefs differ from culture to culture.

Normative Cultural Relativism

The belief that moral facts themselves differ across cultures, not just beliefs.

The Grounding Problem of ethics

The search for a solid foundation for our moral beliefs that is clear, objective, and unmoving.

Moral Antirealism

The belief that moral propositions do not refer to objective features of the world and that there are no moral facts.

Moral Subjectivism

The view that moral statements reflect individual attitudes and beliefs, making them true or false based on personal perspectives.

Ethical Theories

Moral foundations that provide consistent answers about right and wrong conduct.