functional groups

hydrocarbons

alkane, alkene, alkyne, arene. C-C and C-C multiple bonds.

alkane

only c-c single bonds.

which functional group is this?

this is an alkane, only has c-c single bonds. ethane.

alkene

at least one c=c double bond.

what functional group is this?

this is an alkene, has a c=c double bond. ethene.

alkyne

at least one c-c triple bond.

what functional group is this?

this is an alkyne, one c-c triple bond. ethyne.

arene

also called aromatic compound, a 6-membered ring with alternating double and single bonds.

what functional group is this?

this is an arene, alternating double and single bonds. benzene.

alcohols and ethers

c-o single bonds.

alcohol

an oxygen atom that is single bonded to a carbon atom and to a hydrogen atom. contain an OH (hydroxy group). c-o-h.

what functional group is this?

this is an alcohol. c-o-h. methanol.

ether

an oxygen bonded to two r groups. an oxygen atom that is single bonded to two carbon atoms. c-o-c. r-o-r.

what functional group is this?

this is an ether, r-o-r. dimethyl ether.

aldehydes and ketones

c-o double bonds.

aldehyde

carbonyl (c=o) carbon is bonded to a carbon atom on one side and to a hydrogen atom on the other side. c-=o=-h.

what functional group is this?

aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon is bonded to a carbon atom on one side and to a hydrogen atom on the other side. acetaldehyde.

ketone

the carbonyl carbon is bonded to carbon atoms on both sides. carbonyl group connected to 2 r groups.

what functional group is this?

this is a ketone, carbonyl carbon is bonded to carbon atoms on both sides. carbonyl group connected to two r groups. acetone.

acids and esters

c-o single and double bonds.

acids/ carboxylic acid

carbonyl group bonded to an r group on one side and an hydroxy group on the other side. a carbonyl group is bonded to an alcohol (oh). r-=o=-oh.

what functional group is this?

this is a carboxylic acid, a carbonyl group bonded to an alcohol and an r group. acetic acid.

ester

carbonyl group bonded to an r group and an oxygen bonded to an r group. similar to the carboxylic acid group, except that the oh is replaced with an o-c bond. rcoor. r-=o=-o-r.

what functional group is this?

this is an ester, r group bonded to a carbonyl which is bonded to an oxygen and then another r group. rcoor. methyl acetate.

amine

nitrogen has 3 single bonds to a carbon group or hydrogen.

what functional group is this?

this is an amine, the nitrogen has 3 single bonds, two to hydrogen and one to a carbon group. methylamine.

imine

nitrogen double bonded to carbon. that carbon atom is bonded to a carbon group and a hydrogen.

what functional group is this?

this is an imine, the nitrogen is double bonded to a carbon. that carbon is bonded to a carbon group and a hydrogen. ethylimine.

nitrile

carbon to nitrogen triple bond. carbon is bonded to an r group or hydrogen.

what functional group is this?

this is a nitrile, there is a carbon to nitrogen triple bond. that carbon is bonded to an r group. acetonitrile.

amide

carbonyl bonded to nitrogen.

what functional group is this?

this is an amide, there is a carbonyl bonded to a nitrogen. acetamide.

thiol

sulfur bonded to a carbon containing r group and a hydrogen. r-s-h. the s has 2 lone pairs.

what functional group is this?

this is a thiol, the sulfur is bonded to a carbon containing r group and a hydrogen. methanethiol.

thioether

sulfur bonded to two r groups.

what functional group is this?

this is a thioether, the sulfur is bonded to two r groups.

haloalkane

halogen bonded to an r group.

what functional group is this?

this is a haloalkane, there is a halogen, bromine, bonded to an r group. bromomethane.

acyl halide

carbon of a carbonyl is bonded to a halogen and an r group.

what functional group is this?

this is an acyl halide, the carbon of a carbonyl is bonded to a halogen and an r group. acetyl chloride.