Global ID's 3-5

Puritans

Puritans

were a group of English Protestants who sought to purify the Church of England from what they saw as remnants of Roman Catholic practices, and they played a significant role in the early colonization of America.

Anne Hutchinson

was a religious dissenter in colonial Massachusetts who challenged the religious authorities and gender norms of her time, advocating for greater religious freedom and individual interpretation of scripture.

Mayflower Compact

was a document signed by the Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower in 1620, establishing a self-governing colony in Plymouth, Massachusetts, and serving as a precursor to democratic governance in America.

Gov Winthrop

was a key figure in the early Massachusetts Bay Colony, known for his leadership and vision of creating a "City Upon a Hill," a model society that would inspire others.

City Upon a Hill

is a reference to John Winthrop's vision of creating a morally exemplary.

Roger Williams

was a religious dissenter who founded the colony of Rhode Island, advocating for religious freedom, separation of church and state, and fair treatment of Native Americans.

Protestant work ethic

work ethic is a cultural and religious concept that emphasizes hard work, thrift, and diligence as virtues, often associated with the values of the Protestant Reformation.

Henry Hudson

was an English explorer who explored the northeastern coast of North America, including the Hudson River and Hudson Bay, while in the employ of the Dutch East India Company.

Religious Freedom

freedom refers to the principle of allowing individuals and groups to practice their religion or belief system without interference or persecution by the government or others.

Peter Stuyvestant

was the last Dutch director-general of the New Netherland colony, known for his authoritarian rule and conflicts with the English before the colony became New York.

The Bloody Tenets of Persecution

was a work by Roger Williams that argued for religious freedom and against religious persecution.

William Penn

was a Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania, emphasizing religious tolerance and democratic principles in its governance.

King Phillips war

was a conflict in 1675-1676 between Native American tribes and English colonists in New England, named after the Wampanoag leader Metacom.

Ben Franklin

was a Founding Father of the United States known for his numerous contributions, including his role in drafting the U.S. Constitution and his experiments with electricity.

Glorious revolution

was the peaceful overthrow of King James II of England in 1688, leading to the ascension of William and Mary to the throne and the establishment of constitutional monarchy.

Lord Baltimore

was the title held by the founders of the Maryland colony, particularly George Calvert and his son Cecilius Calvert, who promoted religious tolerance and founded a haven for Catholics.

Dutch East India Company

was a powerful Dutch trading company that played a significant role in the colonization and trade in the East Indies (Southeast Asia) during the 17th century.

Maryland toleration act

passed in 1649, granted religious freedom to all Christians in Maryland, making it one of the earliest examples of religious tolerance in the American colonies.

Quakers

are a religious group known for their pacifism, simplicity, and belief in direct communication with God.

Fundamental orders of Conn/Gov Hooker

is considered one of the first written constitutions in America and was influenced by the ideas of Thomas Hooker, a colonial leader. It established a framework for self-governance.

Mercantilism

was an economic theory and policy in which a country aimed to export more than it imported, accumulate wealth through a favorable balance of trade, and often involved government intervention in the economy.

Triangular trade

was a historical trade system during the colonial period, involving the exchange of goods, slaves, and resources between Europe, Africa, and the Americas in a triangular pattern.

The Slave trade

refers to the transatlantic trading of enslaved Africans, who were forcibly transported to the Americas to work as laborers on plantations and in other industries.

The Middle Passage

was the harrowing and often deadly voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean from Africa to the Americas as part of the transatlantic slave trade.

Bacon’s rebellion

was a 1676 armed uprising in the Virginia Colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon, which protested against the colonial government's perceived injustices and policies, particularly in relation to Native American conflicts and land rights.

Salem Witch trials

were a series of witchcraft trials and executions that took place in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1692, during which numerous people were accused of practicing witchcraft and many were unjustly prosecuted and executed.

Penn Dutch

a cultural group of German-speaking immigrants in Pennsylvania.

Crevecouer

is the pen name of Michel-Guillaume Jean de Crèvecoeur, an 18th-century French-American writer known for his book "Letters from an American Farmer."

Scots-Irish

a group of Protestant Scottish and Northern Irish immigrants to the American colonies.

Cotton Mather

was a prominent 17th-century New England Puritan minister and author.

French Hugenots

were French Protestant refugees who sought religious freedom in the American colonies.

George Whiefield

was a prominent 18th-century English evangelist who played a significant role in the Great Awakening religious revival.

Letters from An American farmer

is a collection of essays by J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur, exploring American identity and culture.

Jonathan Edwards

was a prominent American preacher and theologian known for his influential sermons during the First Great Awakening.

The Great Awakening

was a religious revival movement in colonial America during the 18th century, characterized by fervent religious enthusiasm.

John Trumbull

was a notable American painter renowned for his historical paintings, including the iconic "Declaration of Independence."

Methodists

are members of a Protestant Christian denomination known for its emphasis on personal piety and social justice.

John Singelton Copely

was a renowned American portrait painter during the colonial era.

Harvard/Ivy League

is a prestigious university and a member of the Ivy League, a group of elite American universities.

Peter Zenger

was a printer whose trial in 1735 played a pivotal role in establishing freedom of the press in colonial America.

Freedom of the Press

is a fundamental principle protecting the rights of journalists to publish information without censorship or government interference.

Paxton Boys

were a group of frontiersmen who engaged in violent conflicts with Native Americans in Pennsylvania during the 1760s.

Colonial assemblies

were legislative bodies in the American colonies responsible for making laws and decisions at the local level.