Lecture Notes Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes for exam review.

What was the King's Peace?

An agreement between Sparta and Persia where Sparta sold out some Greek interests.

How did the Greeks view Macedonians?

Semi-barbarian.

What did Philip II learn in Thebes?

He learned Greek battle tactics.

Who were the Companions in the Macedonian army?

Elite cavalry.

How did Philip II secure his western front?

He married Olympias.

What battle marked Macedonian dominance over Greece?

Battle of Chaeronea.

Which two city-states allied against Philip II?

Thebes and Athens.

What was the significance of the Battle of Chaeronea?

Athens lost its self-sovereignty.

What happened to Philip II before he could invade Persia?

He was assassinated.

How old was Alexander the Great when he became king?

20 years old.

Who was Alexander the Great's tutor?

Aristotle.

What was Alexander the Great's initial goal in invading Persia?

Liberate Ionia.

How did Alexander defeat the Persians?

Picked favorable terrain where Persians could not use chariots.

What happened to Tyre and Gaza when they refused to surrender to Alexander?

Executed men and enslaved women and children.

What happened when Alexander the Great conquered Egypt?

He was crowned Pharaoh.

What major victory did Alexander the Great achieve in Mesopotamia?

Gaugamela.

What symbolic act did Alexander the Great perform in Persepolis?

He burned Xerxes' royal buildings.

How did Alexander react to Darius III's murder?

He had the chief executed.

Why did Alexander turn back from India?

His troops threatened mutiny.

Where did Alexander the Great die?

In Babylonia.

What is a modern theory about Alexander the Great's death?

An autoimmune disorder.

How was Alexander viewed by some of his contemporaries?

A tyrant and warmonger.

What was Alexander the Great trying to do to rule his large empire?

Merging peoples together to create a cultural foundation.

How did Alexander the Great use marriage to create connections?

He married Roxanne and the daughters of Darius III and a previous Persian king.

What happened in the successor states?

Macedonian Greek ruling class that married into local classes.

How did Alexander adapt the culture?

By adopting Persian customs and dress.

What were the three main successor states?

The Ptolemaic, Seleucid, and Antigonid empires.

Who won Egypt after Alexander's empire fragmented?

Ptolemy I.

From what city did Ptolemy I rule?

Alexandria.

Who took Persia after Alexander's empire fragmented?

Seleucus.

What was the problem with the Antigonid Empire in Greece?

It lacked wealth and was unstable.

What was the key tie between the successor states?

Greek diaspora.

Why were so many people leaving Greece?

Looking for opportunities.

What flowed into the Hellenistic world?

Greek language, ideas, and philosophy.

What method did Socrates use?

The Socratic method.

Who formalized Greek philosophy?

Plato.

What school did Plato establish?

The Academy.

How did Socrates get people to see things in a new way?

He asked questions to lead people to a new way of thinking.

What did Plato and Aristotle base their ideas on?

The material world.

What was a key element of the Hellenistic world?

Greek influence on urban life.

What was the type of government in each urban space?

Municipal government.

How did the laws differ in the Urban Spaces?

Differed based on ethnicity.

What descent did the political, military, and diplomatic posts require in the urban spaces?

Greek descent.

What is the name of the international from of Greek Language?

Kione.

Whose cities were the Greek Immigrants confined to?

Alexander

Why did Alexander choose Egypt for City Expansion?

Great place for trade and control of the Mediterranean.

What museum promoted Greek scholarship and Science?

Museum of Alexandria.

Known for Geometry?

Euclid.

What library collected of all know books for Mankind?

Library of Alexandria.

Aristarchus known was known for?

Heliocentrism.