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Where is the lacrimal gland located?
Situated in the upper, outer portion of each orbit
Where are the minor glands located?
Throughout the oral cavity within the lamina propria of the oral mucosa
Where is the parotid gland located?
Overlies the mandibular ramus and anterior and inferior to the external ear
Where is the submandibular gland located and how is it divided?
Superior to the digastric muscles
Divided into superficial and deep lobes separated by the mylohyoid muscles
Where is the sublingual gland located?
Situated under the tongue and beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth
Which gland generates 65% of the resting salivary flow?
Submandibular
Which gland/glands generates more than 90% of the resting salivary flow?
Parotid & Submandibular
which glands generate 22-30% of resting saliva?
parotid
Which gland/glands respond most dramatically to stimulation?
Parotid
Which gland/glands are profoundly affected by Sjogren's syndrome?
Minor glands
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
Secretion of which gland/glands includes a significant mucous component?
Minor glands
Submandibular
Sublingual
What sort of gland is the submandibular gland?
Mixed
What sort of gland is the parotid gland?
Watery/serous
Describe the proportion of saliva production from each salivary gland in unstimulated saliva
Submandibular - 60-65%
Parotid - 22-30%
Sublingual - 2-5%
Minor glands - <10%
What sort of gland is the sublingual gland?
Mucous
What sort of glands are the minor glands?
Mucous
In stimulated saliva, what percent of saliva is secreted from the parotid gland?
50%
What cranial nerve innervates the submandibular and sublingual glands?
Facial nerve CN7
What cranial nerve innervates the parotid gland?
Glossopharyngeal CN9
Where are the superior salivary nuclei located?
Pons
Where are the inferior salivary nuclei located?
Medulla
What switches on the salivary nuclei?
Mastication
Taste
Smell
Anticipation
What switches off the salivary nuclei?
Fear
What nuclei does the facial nerve come from and where on the brainstem is this found?
Superior salivary nuclei on the pons
What nuclei does the glossopharyngeal nerve come from and where on the brainstem is this found?
Inferior salivary nuclei on the medulla
What cells produce saliva?
Acinar cells
2 types of acinar cells
Serous
Mucous
What protein do mucous cells secrete?
Mucins
Which acinar cells stain pinker?
Serous
which acinar cells stain darker
serous
which acinar cells stain light
mucous
What is a serous demilune?
Small group of serous cells attached to a mucus acinus
What is a myoepithelial cell?
A muscle cell that squeezes the apical end of the acinus to expel the contents into the intercalated ducts
2 main components of saliva
protein and fluid
what regulate protein secretion from saliva and from which nervous system?
cAMP - sympathetic nervous system by noradrenalin
what regulates fluid secretion from saliva and from which nervous system?
intracellular calcium - parasympathetic nervous system by acetylcholine
fluid and protein secretion in saliva name
stimulus-secretion coupling
what is concentration of saliva when secreted from acinar cells
isotonic
when saliva enters mouth conc is what
hypotonic
Why are striated ducts striated?
Basolateral infoldings
In cross-section - look like stripes
Key features of acinar cells
Large basally located nucleus
Large amount of Golgi and ER
Lots of secretory vesicles
Main function: protein synthesis and secretion
Key feature of an intercalated duct cell that shows they don't secrete proteins
No secretory vesicles
What are the basal infoldings on the striated ducts full of?
Mitochondria
What happens when the myoepithelial cells squeeze?
Push out little bit of saliva sitting in the lumen
Provide resistance when salivary secretion is switched on
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