levers planes and axis

what is the effort

the muscle causing the movement 

what is the load

the weight that is being moved

what is the fulcrum

the joint which acts as a pivot

what is an example of a 1st class lever system

a footballer heading the ball

what is an example of a 2nd class lever system

an movement containing plantar flexion of the ankle - high jump 

what is an example of a 3rd class lever system

a bicep curl

where is the fulcrum in a 1st class lever system

between the load and the effort

where is the load in a 2nd class lever system

between the effort and the fulcrum

where is the effort in a 3rd class lever system 

between the fulcrum and the load 

what is the load arm

the distance between the load and the fulcrum

what is the effort arm

the distance from the effort to the fulcrum

define mechanical advantage

the effort arm is longer than the load arm therefore less effort is required to overcome the load (more weight can lifted with less effort)

define mechanical disadvantage

where the load arm is longer than the effort arm therefore requires greater effort to overcome the load (3rd class)

in the frontal plane how is the body divided

front and back

in the sagittal plane how is the body divided

left and right

in the transverse plane how is the body divided

top and bottom 

what movements occur in the frontal plane

adduction and abduction

what movement occur in the sagittal plane

flexion, extension, circumduction, plantar/dorsiflexion

what movements occur in the transverse plane

any type of rotation

what is an sporting example of a movement in the transverse plane

golf swing

what is an sporting example of a movement in the sagittal plane

somersault in gymnastics 

what is an sporting example of a movement in the frontal plane

cartwheel in gymnastics