CHE110_Chapter_17_PowerPoint

Carboxylic acids

Organic compounds containing a COOH (carboxyl) group.

Esters

Carbonyl compounds that contain an OR' (alkoxy) group bonded to the carbonyl C atom.

Ester functional group

A key structural feature in fats, oils, and other lipids with a characteristic pleasant, fruity odor.

Fisher esterification

The process of forming an ester from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.

Hydrolysis of Esters

The reaction of esters with water to form carboxylic acids and alcohols.

Soap

Salts of carboxylic acids with many carbon atoms, used for cleaning.

Prostaglandins

Compounds responsible for pain responses in the body, synthesized from carboxylic acids.

Micelles

Spherical droplets formed by soap in water, containing ionic heads on the surface and nonpolar tails inside.

Acidity of carboxylic acids

Result from the removal of a proton from the carboxyl group, forming a carboxylate anion.

Penicillin

An antibiotic that interferes with the synthesis of bacterial cell walls.

Saponification

Basic hydrolysis of an ester to form a carboxylate anion rather than the carboxylic acid.

Melatonin

An amide thought to induce sleep, with production increased by the body at night.

Acetic acid

A carboxylic acid with the formula C2H4O2, used in the formation of esters.

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids

Naming conventions for carboxylic acids based on the structure of the carboxyl group.

Amides

Compounds containing a carbonyl group bonded to a nitrogen atom.

Hydration reactions

Reactions where water is added to a compound to form a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.