Orthopaedic Board Review

These flashcards cover key orthopedic terms, conditions, and treatment strategies essential for board exam preparation.

Rotator cuff tear

A common injury characterized by chronic shoulder pain and weakness in arm movements, often diagnosed through clinical tests and imaging.

Chronic degenerative tear

Common type of rotator cuff tear in older patients due to tendon wear and impingement.

Goutallier Classification

A system for grading fatty infiltration of the rotator cuff muscles.

Seebauer Classification

Classification for rotator cuff arthropathy based on humeral head position.

Non-operative treatment

Conservative management including NSAIDs, physiotherapy, and activity modification for minor injuries.

Rotator cuff arthropathy (RCA)

Condition resulting from a chronic rotator cuff tear leading to shoulder dysfunction and pain.

Calcific tendinitis

An inflammatory response due to calcium deposit buildup within the rotator cuff tendons, causing shoulder pain.

Adhesive capsulitis

Also known as frozen shoulder; characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint.

Multidirectional instability

A condition in which the shoulder joint is unstable in multiple directions, often resulting in dislocations.

Talar neck fracture

Fracture of the neck of the talus, commonly associated with high-energy trauma.

Lisfranc injury

Injury to the midfoot involving the tarsometatarsal joints, often caused by direct trauma or twisting.

AVN (Avascular Necrosis)

Condition resulting from reduced blood flow to bone tissue, leading to bone death, commonly affecting the hip.

Chondroblastoma

A benign bone tumor primarily found in the epiphysis of long bones, notably the proximal femur.

Osteogenic Sarcoma

A malignant bone tumor characterized by the production of osteoid, typically occurring in adolescents.

Jackknife technique

Surgical technique to decompress and stabilize various fractures.

Bone grafting

Surgical procedure to replace missing bone tissue using bone from the patient, donor, or synthetic material.

Patellar tendon rupture

A rupture of the tendon connecting the kneecap to the shinbone, resulting in inability to extend the knee.

Charcot joint disease

Degenerative joint condition characterized by joint destruction and deformities, commonly seen in diabetic individuals.

Non-union

Failure of a fractured bone to heal properly, leading to persistent pain and disability.

Zanca view

Special X-ray view used to enhance visualization of the acromioclavicular joint.

Synovial chondromatosis

A benign condition characterized by the formation of cartilage nodules within the synovium of joints.

Resilient bone structure

Bones that remain intact under repeated stress due to their biological composition and mechanical properties.

Hallux Valgus

A deformity of the big toe, causing it to deviate towards the other toes, often resulting in a bunion.

Hallux Rigidus

A type of degenerative arthritis affecting the first metatarsophalangeal joint, leading to pain and stiffness.

Osteoporosis

A skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, increasing fracture risk.

Compartment syndrome

Condition resulting from increased pressure within a closed muscle compartment, compromising circulation and function.

Fat embolism syndrome

A serious condition following long bone fractures or trauma, characterized by fat globules circulating in the bloodstream and causing respiratory distress and neurologic changes.

Tendinopathy

Degenerative condition of a tendon that can lead to pain and functional impairment, often requiring physical therapy.

Osteosarcoma diagnosis

Determined through imaging studies like X-rays and MRIs, and confirmed via biopsy.

Fracture healing types

Primary (direct) healing involves no callus formation, while secondary (indirect) healing involves callus formation as part of the healing process.

ACL reconstruction techniques

May include autograft or allograft, emphasizing the importance of timing and choosing appropriate graft sources.

DVT prevention strategies

Include mechanical and medical measures to reduce thromboembolic events in at-risk surgical patients.

VPN (Vascular pattern of necrosis)

Clinical indication of potential issues following a fracture or surgery.

Pedicle screws in spine surgery

Used for stabilizing the spine in various surgical situations, facilitating recovery.

OCD (Osteochondritis Dissecans)

A joint condition caused by loss of blood flow to the bone, leading to possible joint dysfunction.