Sputum and Gastric Fluid

First Morning

TYPE OF SPECIMEN:

• Best for sputum analysis

24hr specimen

TYPE OF SPECIMEN:

• searching TB bacili _{^{(if negative in first morning specimen)}}

Throat Swab

TYPE OF SPECIMEN:

• for infants

Finding 25 squamous cells under LPO

Sputum contaminated with SALIVA is proven by ?

• Scanty Amount _{^{—early pneumonia}}

• _{^{Large Amount —lung edema, abscess, gangrene}}

SPUTUM VOLUME:

• Early Pneumonia

• _{^{Scanty Amount —early pneumonia}}

• Large Amount _{^{—lung edema, abscess, gangrene}}

SPUTUM VOLUME:

• Lung edema, Lung abscess, Lung Gangrene

• Frothy

• Opaque

• None-Opaque

(FON - phone)

3 layers of odor

Cavitary Tuberculosis

Sweetish sputum odor indicates

• Colorless —mucus only

• _{^{Pulmonary Embolism —clear to frothy}}

• _{^{COPD —clear to gray}}

• _{^{Viral Infection —whitish to yellow}}

• _{^{Asthma —thick and white to yellow}}

• _{^{Pulmonary Edema —foamy white to frothy pink}}

SPUTUM COLOR:

• Mucus only

• _{^{Colorless —mucus only}}

• Pulmonary Embolism —clear to frothy

• _{^{COPD —clear to gray}}

• _{^{Viral Infection —whitish to yellow}}

• _{^{Asthma —thick and white to yellow}}

• _{^{Pulmonary Edema —foamy white to frothy pink}}

SPUTUM COLOR:

• Clear to frothy

• _{^{Colorless —mucus only}}

• _{^{Pulmonary Embolism —clear to frothy}}

• COPD —clear to gray

• _{^{Viral Infection —whitish to yellow}}

• _{^{Asthma —thick and white to yellow}}

• _{^{Pulmonary Edema —foamy white to frothy pink}}

SPUTUM COLOR:

• Clear to Gray

• _{^{Colorless —mucus only}}

• _{^{Pulmonary Embolism —clear to frothy}}

• _{^{COPD —clear to gray}}

• Viral Infection —whitish to yellow

• _{^{Asthma —thick and white to yellow}}

• _{^{Pulmonary Edema —foamy white to frothy pink}}

SPUTUM COLOR:

• Clear to Whitish to Yellow

• _{^{Colorless —mucus only}}

• _{^{Pulmonary Embolism —clear to frothy}}

• _{^{COPD —clear to gray}}

• _{^{Viral Infection —whitish to yellow}}

• Asthma —thick and white to yellow

• _{^{Pulmonary Edema —foamy white to frothy pink}}

SPUTUM COLOR:

• Thick and White to yellow

• _{^{Colorless —mucus only}}

• _{^{Pulmonary Embolism —clear to frothy}}

• _{^{COPD —clear to gray}}

• _{^{Viral Infection —whitish to yellow}}

• _{^{Asthma —thick and white to yellow}}

• Pulmonary Edema —foamy white to frothy pink

SPUTUM COLOR:

• Foamy white to frothy pink

• Rusty/Anchocy _{^{— Lobar Pneumonia}}

• _{^{Prune Juice — Late Pneumonia}}

• _{^{Brown — Congestive Heart Failure, bronchitis}}

• _{^{Olive/Grass Green — degenerating neutrophils}}

• _{^{Black — dust and dirt}}

• _{^{Red —hemotysis}}

SPUTUM COLOR:

• Lobar Pneumonia

• _{^{Rusty/Anchocy — Lobar Pneumonia}}

• Prune Juice _{^{— Late Pneumonia}}

• _{^{Brown — Congestive Heart Failure, bronchitis}}

• _{^{Olive/Grass Green — degenerating neutrophils}}

• _{^{Black — dust and dirt}}

• _{^{Red —hemotysis}}

SPUTUM COLOR:

• Late Pneumonia

• _{^{Rusty/Anchocy — Lobar Pneumonia}}

• _{^{Prune Juice — Late Pneumonia}}

• Brown _{^{— Congestive Heart Failure, bronchitis}}

• _{^{Olive/Grass Green — degenerating neutrophils}}

• _{^{Black — dust and dirt}}

• _{^{Red —hemotysis}}

SPUTUM COLOR:

• Congestive Heart Failure

• Bronchitis

• Lung Cancer

• _{^{Rusty/Anchocy — Lobar Pneumonia}}

• _{^{Prune Juice — Late Pneumonia}}

• _{^{Brown — Congestive Heart Failure, bronchitis}}

• Olive/Grass Green _{^{— degenerating neutrophils}}

• _{^{Black — dust and dirt}}

• _{^{Red —hemotysis}}

SPUTUM COLOR:

• Lung cancer

• Denegerating Neutrophil

• _{^{Rusty/Anchocy — Lobar Pneumonia}}

• _{^{Prune Juice — Late Pneumonia}}

• _{^{Brown — Congestive Heart Failure, bronchitis}}

• _{^{Olive/Grass Green — degenerating neutrophils}}

• Black _{^{— dust and dirt}}

• _{^{Red —hemotysis}}

SPUTUM COLOR:

• Inhalation of dust and dirt

• Heavy Smoking

• Anthracosis

• Coal dust deposits

• _{^{Rusty/Anchocy — Lobar Pneumonia}}

• _{^{Prune Juice — Late Pneumonia}}

• _{^{Brown — Congestive Heart Failure, bronchitis}}

• _{^{Olive/Grass Green — degenerating neutrophils}}

• _{^{Black — dust and dirt}}

• Red _{^—hemotysis}

SPUTUM COLOR:

• Hemoptysis

• Ulceration

• Inflammation or any serious lung condition

Hematoidin

SPUTUM CRYSTALS:

• Rhombic shape

• _{^{Lung abscess}}

Cholesterol

SPUTUM CRYSTALS:

• Indicates Bronchial Asthma

Heart Failure Cells

SPUTUM PIGMENTED CELLS:

• large mononuclear cells

• contains hemosiderin

Carbon Laden Cells

SPUTUM PIGMENTED CELLS:

• Black granules

• seen in ANTHRACOSIS [coal dust and wood smoke]

• Serous

• _^Mucoid

• _^Purulent

• _{^Mucopurulent}

• _{^Seropurulent}

SPUTUM CONSISTENCY:

• Frothy (with bubbles)

• _^Serous

• Mucoid

• _^Purulent

• _{^Mucopurulent}

• _{^Seropurulent}

SPUTUM CONSISTENCY:

• Glassy/tenacious

• _^Serous

• _^Mucoid

• Purulent

• _{^Mucopurulent}

• _{^Seropurulent}

SPUTUM CONSISTENCY:

• increased pus cells

• _^Serous

• _^Mucoid

• _^Purulent

• Mucopurulent

• _{^Seropurulent}

SPUTUM CONSISTENCY:

• mucus with pus cells

• _^Serous

• _^Mucoid

• _^Purulent

• _{^Mucopurulent}

• Seropurulent

SPUTUM CONSISTENCY:

• frothy with pus cells

• _^Serous

• _^Mucoid

• _^Purulent

• Mucopurulent

• _{^Seropurulent}

SPUTUM CONSISTENCY:

• cases of:

  • BRONCHOMONILIASIS

  • BRONCHOCAVITATION

• _^Serous

• _^Mucoid

• _^Purulent

• _{^Mucopurulent}

• Seropurulent

SPUTUM CONSISTENCY:

• Lung edema

• Lung abcess

• Lung gangrene

6.5 - 7.0

Sputum pH?

Sialic Acid

Important component of sputum viscocity

• Cheesy (Caseous) Masses

• _{^{Curschmann Spiral}}

• _{^{Bronchial cast}}

• _{^{Dittrich Plugs}}

MACROSCOPIC STRUCTURES:

• Fragments of necrotic tissue

  • _{^{Lung Abcess}}

  • _{^{Lung ganrene}}

• _{^{Cheesy (Caseous) Masses}}

• Curschmann Spiral

• _{^{Bronchial cast}}

• _{^{Dittrich Plugs}}

MACROSCOPIC STRUCTURES:

• Mucoid threads

  • _{^{Bronchial Asthma}}

  • _{^{Acute bronchitis}}

• _{^{Cheesy (Caseous) Masses}}

• _{^{Curschmann Spiral}}

• Bronchial cast

• _{^{Dittrich Plugs}}

MACROSCOPIC STRUCTURES:

• Branching tree like cast

  • _{^{Lobar Pneumonia}}

  • _^Diphtheria

• _{^{Cheesy (Caseous) Masses}}

• _{^{Curschmann Spiral}}

• _{^{Bronchial cast}}

• Dittrich Plugs

MACROSCOPIC STRUCTURES:

• yellowish to grayish caseous matter

  • _{^{Bronchiaectasis}}

  • _{^{Fetid Bronchitis}}

  • _{^{Pulmonary gangrene}}