Language Development in Children - Quiz 1

American Sign Language (ASL)

a complete language with grammar and a culture

Aphasia

loss of language abilities due to damage to the brain

Arcuate fasiculus

a collection of nerves that connect Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area (left hemisphere)

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damage to this area can result in conduction aphasia

bound morpheme

unit of language that must be attached to another unit of language to be meaningful (cat/s/)

Broca’s area

anterior left hemisphere, damage to this area can mean a person has difficulty producing coherent speech

Child-directed speech (CDS)

the type of speech used when speaking to children, shorter sentences, increased repetitions, questions, and higher pitch in tone

communicative competence

the social rules for language, or the ability to use language appropriately in different situations (phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic basis)

comprehension

an individual’s understanding of language

conduction aphasia

damage to the arcuate fasciculus - results in an inability to repeat

cross - sectional

two or more groups of participants in a study

decontextualised language

reference to things (people, places, objects) not a part of the immediate context (often necessary for school)

derivational morphene

a unit of language that can derive a new word

displacement

reference to things in the immediate context and current time period

dyslexia

refers to a variety of learning disabilities that make reading difficult/impaired

experimental

when the researcher can manipulate variables in a study

free morpheme

stand alone morpheme (/cat/s)

innate

a characteristic or ability that is present at birth or essential in nature

lateralised

LEFT OR RIGHT side of the brain

linguistic competence

knowledge of language skills and structures (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics)

longitudinal

when a study follows individual participants for an extended period of time

metalinguistic awareness

when a person has the ability to think about language itself, knowledge of language sounds and the ability to think about them on a higher level

morpheme

meaningful unit of language

morphology

rules that govern the use of morphemes

neologisms

made up words, often present with Wernicke’s aphasia

observational

when a researcher is not able to manipulate the study… minimal intrusion

overregularized

when a person, often a child or non-native speaker will apply rules to words that are exceptions (mouses)

phoneme

speech sound that changes meaning (b vs p - bin, pen)

phonology

study of the sound system used in a language

pragmatics

social use of language rules

productivity

regular forms of language that can form new words

production

the process of speaking

semantic development

a hierarchical network of all associated meanings with the acquisition of new words… connect referents and meanings to subject matter.

semantics

study of the meaning system in a language

semanticity

represents ideas, events, and objects symbolically

species specific

traits of language that are specific to our species (displacement, productivity, cultural transmission, duality)

species uniform

milestones of language across all members of a species

speech acts

utterances that are used to accomplish things (the act of speaking)

syntax

rules by which sentences are made (declarativepassives, declaratives, interogatives, imperatives)

Wernicke’s area

posterior left hemisphere,