Cells and Microscopes

Plasma membrane

Selectively-permeable, Separates intracellular fluids from extracellular fluids

Nucleus

Houses DNA, controls cell activity, pores let out RNA, produces ribosomes

Cytoplasm

Intracellular fluid containing organelles

Ribosomes

Make Proteins

Cell junctions

Bind body cell together

Tight junctions

Impermeable, cell membranes anchored together

Gap junctions

Tubelike proteins allow materials to move between

Adhesion junctions / Desmosomes

Mechanically attach adjacent cells, use energy

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP production

Rough ER

Holds bound ribosomes

Smooth ER

Makes lipids

Lysosomes

Digest endocytose materials

Golgi apparatus

Sorts, packages, modifies, and ships proteins

Passive transport

Does not require energy, moves materials from high to low, small and uncharged, non polar, hydrophobic

Simple diffusion

Movement of molecules directly through the membrane

Facilitated diffusion

Requires a carrier protein

Osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Hypertonic

Having a higher concentration of solute than another solution, shrinks

Hypotonic

Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution, expands

Isotonic

When the concentration of two solutions is the same

Active transport

The movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy, low to high concentration

Endocytosis

Process by which a cell takes material into the cell by unfolding the cell membrane

Phagocytosis

Cell eating

Pinocytosis

Cell drinking

Exocytosis

Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material

Ocular

Eye piece

Body tube

Carries light

Nose piece

holds the light objective lenses

Objectives

Second magnifying lenses

Stage

Holds the slide

Stage clips

Holds the slide in place

Diaphragm

Use to reduce amount of light

Light source

Shines light through specimen

Base

Supports the microscope

Base

Supports the microscope

Coarse adjustment knob

This part moves the stage up and down to help you get the specimen into view

Fine focus knob

Brings an object into focus high power