Colonial America and the Prelude to Civil War

These flashcards cover key concepts and events in early American history, including colonization, the build-up to the Civil War, and foundational government documents.

Who were the Pre-Columbian societies in 1521?

They were Native Americans.

What was the purpose of the Encomienda System?

It was a Spanish system of colonization used to control and exploit Native populations.

What was one motivation for colonization among European powers?

Desire for wealth, religious spread, and national glory.

What significant exchange occurred in the Columbian Exchange?

Exchange of crops, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe.

What was the significance of the English colony at Jamestown?

It was the first permanent English settlement in America.

What were the three regions in Colonial America?

New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies.

What was the Triangular Trade?

A trade system that connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas involving goods and enslaved people.

What challenges did colonists face in the 1600s-1700s?

Diseases, harsh climates, and conflicts with Native Americans.

What was the Stamp Act?

A law imposed by Britain requiring colonists to pay taxes on printed materials.

What was the significance of the Boston Massacre?

It heightened anti-British sentiments and was used as propaganda.

What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act allow?

It allowed settlers to vote on the legality of slavery in those territories.

What was the Supreme Court's ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford?

Slaves were not considered citizens and Congress could not ban slavery in territories.

What was revealed by the Douglas Debates in 1858?

They highlighted the divisions over slavery in the U.S.

What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?

It freed slaves in Confederate states.

What was the significance of the Battle of Gettysburg?

It was a turning point in the Civil War, leading to the Union victory.

What were the key components of Henry Clay's American System?

Improving transportation, establishing tariffs, and creating a national bank.

What does the term 'Manifest Destiny' refer to?

The belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across North America.

What did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo accomplish?

It ended the Mexican-American War and expanded U.S. territory.

What was the main outcome of the Constitutional Convention in 1787?

Creation of the U.S. Constitution to replace the Articles of Confederation.

What was the significance of the Federalist Papers?

They were written to promote the ratification of the U.S. Constitution.

What was the purpose of the Bill of Rights?

To protect individual freedoms and limit government power.

What did George Washington warn against in his Farewell Address?

Political parties and foreign alliances.

What was Shays' Rebellion?

A revolt by farmers against economic injustices and weak government under the Articles of Confederation.

What conclusion can be drawn from the Declaration of Independence?

It asserted the colonies' right to self-government and independence from Britain.