Pre-09/16: Chapter 4 - Military Revolution

Describe the progression of European Military Superiority globally by non-European Powers (e.g. fast, slow, etc. + resisted, accepted, etc.)

slow and resisted

What was key for European expansion to secure bases overseas

firearms and fortifications like the Trace Italienne

What was the first region where European Technology overcame indigenous forces?

the americas

what are 3 examples of European Military Technology?

guns, horses, steel

What Continents faced slower European Expansion?

Africa and Southeast Asia

Why was expansion slower in Africa and Southeast Asia?

because of disease, geography, and strong local states

how were the Europeans able to conquer Africa and Southeast Asia?

with coastal forts and alliances

What is an example of a country that originally resisted European Military Methods?

India

By when did India fully embrace the European Military System more than just firearms

18th century

Why were China and Japan considered impervious to European Military Dominance until the 19th century?

strong centralized states, advanced militaries, and restricted European access

When did Japan adopt firearms

16th century

why did Japan adopt firearms

contact with the portuguese

why did Japan later restrict their use of guns

to maintain social order under the Tokugawa shogunate

what are the two military adaptations and from where did the Europeans learn them?

Guerilla Warfare in the Americas, naval techniques in Asia

why were logistics and supplies critical for overseas European Success?

because of the need to sustain armies far from home

What leverage did the Europeans use most in the Military Revolution?

technological advantages against divided or vulnerable societies

where did the Europeans fail during the Military Revolution abroad

against local states that were strong, unified, and adaptive