Ocular Exams Study Set

What are the 4 Ocular Tests?

1) Palpebral Reflex

2) Menace Reflex

3) Tracking

4) Pupillary Light Reflex(Direct and Consensual)

What does the Palpebral Reflex Test test for?

the function of Cranial Nerves V and VII

How do you perform the Palpebral Reflex Test?

gently touch the upper eyelid at the medial canthus

What is the normal and abnormal response of the Palpebral Reflex Test?

normal: close eyelids

abnormal: eyelids left open

What does the Menace Reflex Test test for?

vision pathway

How do you perform the Menace Reflex Test?

move palm of hand toward eye without touching the eye or eyelid

What is the normal and abnormal response of the Menace Reflex Test?

normal: blinking

abnormal: no blinking/eyes left open

What does the Tracking Test test for?

peripheral vision

How do you perform the Tracking Test?

move an object from behind the animal in front of the animal on either side of them

What is the normal and abnormal response of the Tracking test?

normal: eyes, ears, head, turning towards the object

abnormal: not moving/looking when the object enters field of vision

What does the Pupillary Light Reflex Test test for?

the direct and consensual ocular reflexes

How do you perform the Pupillary Light Reflex Test?

shine a small light/penlight into each eye and observe the dilation of both eyes

What is the normal and abnormal response of the Pupillary Light Reflex Test?

normal: the eye with the light shining directly into it will constrict and the other eye(consensual) will constrict

abnormal: when the light is shone into one eye, the other does not constrict

What are common ocular problems?

1) cherry eye(prolapse of third eyelid gland

2) entropion(inward folding of an eyelid)

3) conjunctivitis(inflammation of the conjunctiva)

4) uveitis(inflammation of the uvea; common in horses)

5) glaucoma(the damaging of the optic nerve)

6) corneal ulcer

7) miosis(pupil constriction)

8) ptosis(abnormal/drooping upper eyelid)

9) enophthalmos(sunken eyes)

10) prolapse