Body Temperature and Metabolism

Conduction

Heat transfer through direct contact with cooler objects is known as what?

Sweating

What is NOT an effective mechanism of heat loss when the humidity is high?

Skin

What is the major pathway for heat loss in the body?

Vasoconstriction

What decreases blood flow near the body surface?

Sweating

What is an effective mechanism of heat loss when the humidity is low?

Vasodilation

What increases blood flow near the body surface?

96.5-99.5

What is the normal range of human body temperature in F?

Radiation

Heat from the body is transferred to cooler objects not touching the skin is an example of what?

Thyroxine

What increases the rate of cell respiration and heat production in all of the body tissues?

Convection

What means that air currents move the warmer air away from the skin surface and facilitate the loss of heat?

Eccrine sweat glands

What secretes sweat onto the skin surface?

25%

How much of the body’s total heat do skeletal muscles produce?

20%

How much of the body’s total heat does the liver produce?

Metabolism

What is the total of all reactions that take place within the body?

Hypothalamus

What is responsible for the regulation of body temperature and is considered the thermostat of the body?

Respiratory tract

What is the secondary pathway of heat loss?

Urinary and digestive tract

What are the minor pathways of heat loss?

Pyrogens

What are substances that may cause a fever?

Antipyretic 

What is a medicine that lowers a fever?

Anabolism

What means synthesis or formation reactions?

Catabolism

What means decomposition?

Glycolysis

The enzymes for what are found in the cytoplasm of cells?

Krebs cycle

Enzymes for what are located in the mitochondria of cells?

Niacin

NAD is a carrier molecule that contains which vitamin?

Thiamine

The first CO2 molecule is removed by an enzyme containing which vitamin?

Riboflavin

FAD is a carrier molecule containing which vitamin?

Cytochromes

What are proteins that contain either iron or copper and are found in the mitochondria of cells?

Amino acids

Proteins are made of smaller molecules called what?

Ketosis

What exists when fats and proteins become the primary energy sources?

Vitamin A

Yellow and green vegetables, liver, milk, and eggs contain which vitamin?

Vitamin D

Fortified milk, egg yolks, and fish liver oils contain which vitamin?

Vitamin E

Nuts, wheat germ, and seed oils contain which vitamin?

Vitamin K

Liver, spinach, and cabbage contain which vitamin?

Sleep

Our lowest temperature usually occurs during what?