Sexually Transmitted Infections

What are the most common infectious causes of STIs?

Bacterial , Viral, protozoan, arthropod

How can STIs be spread?

Discharge, sores, ulcers, warts, semen

What does R0 mean?

The number of cases one case generates over the course of its infectious period

If R0 is less than 1, what does it mean?

Infection will die out

If R0 is greater than 1, what does that mean?

Infection will spread in the population

What is Mucopurulent Cervicitis/Vaginitis and Urethritis?

Mucus and pus containing discharge or emission from cervix or vagina or urethra

What is genital ulcer disease?

Open sore located on genital area

What are AMP of semen?

Zinc, lysozyme, and transferrin

What type of site are Testis and how?

Immune-privileged site. Tight junctions between Sertoli cells keep the immune system out of the seminiferous tubules.

What do sertoli cells secrete to promote immune suppression?

FasL, IDO1, TGF-B, activin A

What epithelium is in fallopian tube and endometrium?

Columnar ciliated and secretory cells

What epithelium is in endocervix?

Simple columnar

What epithelium is in ectocervix and vagina?

Stratified, nonkeratinized squamous

What epithelium is in vulva?

Stratified, keratinized (very resistant to infection)

What is vaginal microbiota dominated by?

Lactobacillus

What does lactobacillus do?

It ferments glycogen, which produced lactic acid and creates acidic environment

What does estradiol do?

Promotes glycogen production and thinner mucus layer during proliferation phase

What does progesterone do?

Halt the growth of epithelium and results in decreased glycogen and a thicker mucus layer

Where does mucus come from in FRT?

Columnar epithelium in cervix

How does estradiol effect innate defenses in FRT?

Mucus is less viscous during midcycle to allow sperm movement. CD8 effector function is absent when blastocyst implantation is most likely to occur

Which of the following is not associated with a healthy vaginal microbiota in women of reproductive age?

A. Thick vaginal epithelium

B. Low microbial diversity

C. Thick layer of mucus

D. Low glycogen

D. Low glycogen