Coverings

name all

1 anterior fontanelle 2 posterior fontanelle 3 sphenoid bone 4 zygomatic bone

name all

1 anterior cranial fossa 2 sphenoid bone 3 middle cranial fossa 4 posterior cranial fossa 5 foramen magnum

name all

1 dura 2 falx cerebri 3 tentorium cerebelli

name all

1 dura 2 arachnoid 3 pia mater

The ______ _______ are projections of the arachnoid membrane into the dura (dural venous sinus), this is where CSF drains into the venous sinus system

arachnoid granulation

______ _________ is the connective tissue strands within the subarachnoid space surrounded by CSF that connect the arachnoid mater to pia mater, this gives the arachnoid mater its spider web appearance AND ITS NAME

arachnoid trabeculae

___ and ________ are the two leptomeninges

pia arachnoid

name all

1 epidural space 2 subdural space 3 subarachnoid space 4 bridging vein 5 cerebral artery 6 arachnoid granulation 7 arachnoid trabeculae

is there a true epidural space in brain: ____ (yes/no) is there a true epidural space in spinal cord _____ (yes/no)

no yes

when doing an epidural it will always be injected below ___ and ____, since that’s where the spinal cord ends, btu typically between ____ adn ____ to alleviate pain below waist

L1 L2 L3 L4

The tearing of the middle meningeal _____ which can occur due to head traumas leads to bleeding in extradural space or _____ ____________ , this happens very fast and causes a coma hours after incident , ____ shaped

artery epidural hematoma lemon

tearing of vein across subdural space (______ vein) causes gradual seepage of blood and results in a _____ ________, _____ shaped

bridging subdural hematoma banana

_____ ______ is indicated by blood filling up in the sulci

subarachnoid bleeding

_______ exhibits flu symptoms with a stiff neck

meningitis

_____ meningitis causes an increase in opening pressure and is much more dangerous than ______ meningitis, this pressure reading is taken when doing a spinal tap on the ______ ______ in the subarachnoid space in spinal cord, normal opening pressure is around 7 to 28 cm H2O

bacterial viral lumbar cistern

the brain has one true space: _____ ______ while the spinal cord aslo has ________ ______

subarachnoid space epidural space

name all

1 third ventricle 2 cerebral aqueduct 3 choroid plexus 4 fourth ventricle

CSF is produced in ependymal cells in _____ _____ which are located in 4th ventricle, and stretch from temporal horn to 3rd ventricle

choroid plexus

name 1 3 9 11

1 anterior horn 3 choroid plexus 9 posterior horn 11 septum pellucidum

from fourth ventricle, CSF exits into _____ _______ and around the spinal cord via the medial aperture (_____ of _____) and two lateral aperture (______ of ______) where it eventually passes through _____ _____ (granulations) to return to venous circulation via the _____ ______ _______

subarachnoid space foramen Magendie foramena of Luschka arachnoid villi dural venous sinuses

CSF in ventricles cannot reach subarachnoid space if there is obstruction of an _______ foramen, _______ ________ or outflow foramen of the ______ ventricle, in children less than 2 years of age the head _______, this is called _________ hydrocephalus (WILL SEE ENLARGEMNET OF VENTRICLES)

intraventricular cerebral aqueduct fourth enlarges non communicating

________ hydrocephalus occurs when CSF is obstructed in the subarachnoid space, like from bleeding or meningitis, scars the arachnoid with a block of return flow channels (arachnoid villi)

communicating

We have 7 cervical vertebra but ____ cervical nerves

8

___ - ____ exit above their vertebra. __ exits between __ - ___ , and all others exit below, after __ the nerves form the _____ _____ or the nerves that continue after teh spinal cord ends

C1 C7 C8 CVII T1 L2 cauda equina

there are __ cranial nerves, __ cervical neves, __ thoracic nerves, ___ 5 lumbar nerves, __ sacral nerves, __ coccygeal nerve

12 8 12 5 5 1