1.2.4 Bacteria (a Prokaryote), Viruses

1. __, __
2. __
3. __
4. __
5. __

cell wall, peptidoglycan, cell membrane, cytoplasm, circular DNA, ribosomes

1. __
2. __
3.__
4.__
5.__
6.__ __

flagellum, movement, capsule, protection, infolding, nitrogen fixation

1. __
2. __
3.__
4.__
5.__
6.__
7.__
8.__
9. __/__

plasmid, DNA, genes, resistance, antibiotics, pili, attachment, cells, genes, plasmid

Bacteria, a prokaryote
> cell wall made of p__
> no m__-b__ organelles e.g. n__, m__
> 1-_µm diameter THUS smaller than e__
> __S ribosomes + c__ DNA
> u__

peptidoglycan, membrane-bound, nucleus, mitochondria, 5, eukaryotes, 70S, circular, unicellular

Prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

Prokaryotes	Eukaryotes
Evolved 3.5bil years ago (o__ than eukaryotes)	Evolved 1.5 bil years ago
1-_µm diameter	~__µm diameter; up to 1000x v__ of prokaryotes
C__ DNA free in c__, no d__ membrane	Non-circular DNA contained in n__ (w/ d__ membrane)

older, 5, 40, vol, circular, cytoplasm, double, nucleus, double

Prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

Prokaryotes	Eukaryotes
__S ribosomes	__S ribosomes
Very f__ types of cell organelles, no m__-b__ organelles	Many types of cell organelles Ø  Single membrane: l__, G__, vacuoles, ER Ø  Double membrane: n__, m__, c__ Ø  No membrane: r__, centriole, m__
P__ cell wall	Cell wall in plants (c__/l__) & fungi (c__)

70S, 80S, few, membrane-bound, lysosome, golgi, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast, ribosomes, microtubule, peptidoglycan, cellulose, lignin, chitin

Prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

Prokaryotes	Eukaryotes
E__ flagella ;; no m__	i__ flagella (+c__) w/ ‘_+ _’ arr. of microtubules
Cell division via b__ f__ w/out s__	Cell division via m__/meiosis w/ s__
Some carry out n__ f__	N__ carry out nitrogen fixation

extracellular, microtubules, intracellular, cilia, 9+2, binary fission, spindle, mitosis, spindle, nitrogen fixation, none

Viruses ~20-__nm
> n__-c__, has:
>> s__-r__ mol. of D__/R__
>> c__ made of p__ (p__ coat)
> some viruses have an outer e__ made of p__

300, non-cellular, self-replicating, DNA/RNA, capsid, protein, protective, envelope, phospholipids

1. __

2. __

3. __

4. __

5. __

protein, envelope, capsid, DNA, RNA