Nonmalignant Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes

Flashcards based on key terms and concepts from the lecture on Nonmalignant Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes.

Neutrophilia

An absolute neutrophil count greater than 7.0 x10^9/L.

Leukemoid Reaction

An extreme neutrophilia with a WBC count greater than 30 x10^9/L.

Leukocytopenia

A decrease in the total leukocyte count.

Eosinophilia

An absolute count of eosinophils greater than 0.6 x10^9/L, commonly seen in allergies and parasitic infections.

Basophilia

An absolute basophil count greater than 0.15 x10^9/L, often associated with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia.

Monocytosis

An absolute monocyte count greater than 0.8 x10^9/L, typically due to chronic infections or inflammatory diseases.

Hypersegmentation

Presence of segmented neutrophils with more than 5 lobes, often associated with vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.

Pelger-Huët Anomaly

Hyposegmentation of neutrophils; considered a benign anomaly despite normal cell function.

Toxic Granulation

Prominent dark granulation in neutrophils associated with infectious states.

Döhle Bodies

Light-blue staining inclusion bodies in neutrophils, indicative of a stress response to infection.

May-Hegglin Anomaly

A genetic condition characterized by Döhle body-like inclusions and thrombocytopenia.

Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome

A rare genetic disorder characterized by very large granules in leukocytes, leading to frequent infections.

Gaucher's Disease

An LSD caused by the deficiency of Beta-glucosidase, leading to accumulation of glucocerebroside.

Niemann-Pick Disease

An LSD due to sphingomyelinase deficiency, characterized by accumulation of sphingomyelin.

Tay-Sachs Disease

An LSD caused by Hexosaminidase A deficiency, resulting in GM2 ganglioside accumulation.

Lipid/Lysosomal Storage Diseases

A group of inherited disorders caused by enzyme deficiencies that lead to accumulation of lipids.

Cyclic Neutropenia

An inherited disorder characterized by periodic episodes of neutropenia occurring every 21-30 days.

Alder-Reilly Inclusions

Coarse purple-red granules in neutrophils associated with mucopolysaccharidosis.

Respiratory Burst

A rapid release of reactive oxygen species from neutrophils to kill microorganisms.

Vacuoles in Cells

Cytoplasmic membrane-enclosed structures often seen in monocytes and associated with aging or infection.

Qualitative Granulocyte Disorders

Disorders that affect the function of granulocytes rather than their number.

Inherited Neutrophil Disorders

Disorders including May-Hegglin anomaly, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, Alder-Reilly inclusions, and Chronic Granulomatous Disease.