dosage form 1 IJNIP

Dose

Amount administered or taken by the patient for the intended medicinal effect

Daily dose or total dose

the amount taken during the time-course of therapy

Divided dose

two or more times per day depending on the characteristics of the drug and the illness

Dosage regimen

Schedule of dosing

Dosage form

The physical form of a certain amount of chemical compound

Ebers papyrus

A list of drug preparations and formulations of ancient Egypt is popularly known as:

Pharmakon

a charm or drug that can be used for good

or evil

Galen

Inventor of cold cream

De materia medica

Dioscorided work

Dioscorides

He develop what we called now as pharmacognosy

Rectal suppositories

relieve constipation or the

pain, irritation, itching, and inflammation associated with

hemorrhoids or other anorectal conditions.

Vaginal suppositories

employed mainly as contraceptives,

antiseptics in feminine hygiene, and as specific agents to combat an

invading pathogen.

Urethral suppositories

may be antibacterial or a local anesthetic

preparative for a urethral examination

Spatulation

is blending small amounts of powders by movement of a spatula through them on a sheet of paper or an ointment slab.

Eutetic mixtures

liquefies when combined with phenol, camphor, menthol, thymol, aspirin, and phenyl salicylate

Inert diluent

are added to separate the agents physically (e.g. light

MgO or MgCO3)

Trituration

to comminute and to mix powders

Dispensing tablet

formerly used to prepare bulk solutions of germicidal

chemicals such as bichloride of mercury

Tablet triturates

small cylindrical tablet made by molding fine moistened powder containing a small amount of potent drugs

glidants

To reduce friction between particle

Sorption

The binding of

molecules from the

solution to the container

is best described by the

term:

Leaching

movement of the components of the container

into the contents

Permeation

movement of vapor and other molecules from

the outside environment into the contents passing through

the containers

Loss their firmness and crumble

When tartaric acid only is used in effervescent what will happne?

Sticky mixture

What happen when you only use citric acid in effervescent tablet

I and II

The following ointment base/s is/are

classified as hydrocarbon base/s:

I. Petrolatum

II. White ointment

III. Polyethylene Glycol Ointment

CFC

were widely used as aerosol

propellants due to their non-flammable and non-toxic

properties, but their use was banned in most applications

globally due to their role in ozone depletio

Nitrogen gas

is used as a non-flammable, inert compressed

gas propellant for products like hair sprays and insecticides,

where the pressure drop is a manageable trade-off for the

safety benefits

Ear wash

What is auralis lavatio?

Therapeutic dose

Amount administered

to a patient after

exposure or contraction

of the illness

Maintenance dose

Similar in amount in usual doses are then administered to sustain the desired drug blood levels or drug effects

Prophylactic dose

Administered to protect the patient from contracting a specific

disease

Phase l

purpose of assessing safety.

Phase 2 trials

are controlled clinical studies to evaluate the effectiveness of a drug in patients with the condition for which the drug is intended and to assess side effects and risks that may be revealed.

Phase 3

Safety, effectiveness, dosage

Phenylalanine, aspartic acid, methanol

Aspartame breaks down into three in our body

Mental retardation

Aspartame causes phenylketonuria

300

Sacharrin is ——- sweeter than sucrose

Zinc oxide and salicylic acid paste

What is the content of lassar’s paste

Zinc oxide paste

What is the content of lassar’s plain zinc paste

Aromtic ammonia spiriti USP

What spirit can be prepare using simple solution?

Sweet spirit of nitre

What spirit can be prepared using chemical reaction?

Brandy or spirit vini vitis

What spirit is prepared using distilled wine?

Whisky or spiritus frumenti

What spirit can be prepared from fermented malted grain?

Peppermint

Spirit prepared using solution with maceration

Aromatic spirit of ammonia

It is a medicinal preparation for reflex stimulant

Peppermint spirit

A pharmaceutical or flavoring solution prepared by dissolving peppermint oil in alcoho

Wine

Is a fermented beverage (typically made from fruits such as grapes and is not a distilled product

Pyroxylin

Collodions are liquid preparations prepared by dissolving ——— in a specific solvent mixture of ether and alcohol

Maceration

process in which the comminuted drug is permitted to

soak in the menstruum until the cellular structure is softened and

penetrated by the menstruum and the soluble constituents are

dissolved

Digestion

a form of maceration in which gentle heat is applied

Decoction

extracting water-soluble and heat stable constituents from

crude drugs by boiling in water for 15 min, cooling, straining, and

passing sufficient cold water through the drug to produce the required

volume

Percolation

process in which a comminuted drug is extracted of its

soluble constituents by the slow passage of a suitable solvent through a column of the drug

Imbibition

It is the taking up of a certain amount of liquid without a measurable increase in the size of a gel

Swelling

is the taking up of a liquid by a gel with an increase in

volume.

Syneresis

occurs when the interaction between particles of the

dispersed phase becomes so great that on standing, the dispersing medium is squeezed out in droplets and the gel shrink

Thixotropy

is a reversible gel–sol formation with no change

in volume or temperature, a type of non-Newtonian flow.

Xerogel

formed when the liquid is removed from a gel

and only the framework remains.

Turpentine oil emulsion

Forbes-Bottle method is used in

preparing:

I. Mineral oil emulsion

II. Cod liver oil emulsion

III. Turpentine oil emulsion

Dry gum

This is prepared where oil is first added then water then emulsifier

4:2:1 oil- water -emulsifier

What is the ratio of continental method or dry gum

Wet gum or English method

Water and emulsifiier are mixed first together, then oil is added to the mixture

Forbes / bottle method

extemporaneous compounding of emulsion reserved for volatile oils and oils of low viscosity

3:2:1

What is the proportion of forbes /bottle method

Ringers injection

It is primarily used for the parenteral replacement of extracellular fluid and electrolyte lossess

Lactated ringers injection

It has an

ability to act as a buffering agent to help manage or

prevent metabolic acidosis

Sodium iodide 123

Is the preferred radiopharmaceutical for thyroid

evaluation because it mimics the behavior of natural iodine.

Cobalt 57

Used primarily in the Schilling test to diagnose Vitamin

B12 malabsorption (pernicious anemia) or as a calibration source for Imaging equipment.

Holmium 166

Used for therapeutic purposes, specifically in the treatment of liver tumors (radioembolization) or as a bone marrow ablative agent.

Samarium 153

Used for the palliative treatment of bone pain in

patients with metastatic prostate or breast cancer

Ceratum galeni

Other name of galens cerate

Sacredbitter

It is also name as hiera picra

Magnesium citrate solution

A colorless to slightly

yellow, clear, effervescent

liquid having a sweet,

acidulous taste and a

lemon flavor

Saline cathartic

What is the use of magnesium citrate?

Simple syrup

a clear, thick, non-effervescent solution of 85% w/v sucrose in water.

Calcium hydroxide

also known as Limewater, this is

a clear, colorless, non-effervescent liquid with an alkaline,

slightly bitter taste

Citric acid syrup

a non-effervescent, highly viscous

sweetening vehicle.

Pharmakon

a non-effervescent, highly viscous sweetening vehicle.

Emulsion

dispersion in which the dispersed phase is composed of

small globules of liquid distributed uniformly throughout another

liquid in which it is immiscible

Dispersed phase

The substance distributed in emulsion

Dispersing phase

The vehicle in the emulsion

Microemulsion

containing 10-100 micrometer

particle size that are thermodynamically optically Transparent

10%

How many zno is contained in zinc glycerogelatin ?

Zinc gelatin

What is unaas boot?

15%

How many gelatin is present in in zinc glycerogelatin?

40%

How many glycerin is present in zinc glycerogelatin?

Hormone replacement therapy

Transdermal estradiol is used for

for angina

What is the use of transdermal nitroglycerin?

Permeation

Movement of vapor and other molecules

from the outside environment into the contents passing through

the containers:

Diffusion

is a broader term for the movement of molecules from high to low concentration.

Effusion

refers specifically to the escape of gas through a

tiny hole (pinhole) into a vacuum or lower-pressure area,

rather than moving through the solid matrix of the container

wall

Helium

is not used as a propellant in standard aerosol cans

primarily due to its physical state and economic cost.

Nitrogen gas

Gas used in hair spray and insecticides

Dinitrogen oxide

Is a common propellant for food aerosol