Industrial revolution

steam engine :)

Industrialization

The shift from a rural, agricultural-based society to an urban, industrialized one, characterized by the widespread use of machines and factories for mass production.

Mass production

Producing goods in large quantities at lower costs through techniques like specialization

Putting-out system

Involved a merchant who provided raw materials to individuals or families, who then processed and made the finished product

Dissenters

A person who objects to some established policy

Flying shuttle

Machine that represented an important step toward automatic weaving

Spinning jenny

Revolutionizing textile production by allowing a single operator to spin multiple threads simultaneously, leading to increased output and the shift from home-based to factory production.

Cotton gin

A machine that separates cotton fibers from seeds

Eli Whitney

Inventor of the cotton gin

Steam engine

A machine that uses steam pressure to convert heat energy into mechanical energy

Thomas Newcomen

Inventor of the steam engine

James Watt

Significantly improved the steam engine

Factories

A large industrial building where workers, using machinery, manufacture goods on a mass scale

Entrepreneurs

A person who undertakes the risk of starting a new business venture

Jacquard loom

(In weaving) device incorporated in special looms to control individual warp yarns

Primogeniture

The right of inheritance or succession goes to the eldest child of the deceased

Zollverein

Coalition of German states formed to manage tariffs and economic policies within their territories

Alexis de Tocqueville

Best known for his works Democracy in America and The Old Regime and the Revolution.

Algeria

In 1827 France imposed a blockade of Algiers. Even after three years this blockade did not bring capitulation of the rulers of Algiers.

Urbanization

The process of people moving from rural areas to cities, causing cities to grow larger and more populated.

Proletariat

Workers, or the working class people.

“Cult of domesticity”

Identified the home as a woman's "proper sphere"

“Jesus the worker”

Refers to the concept of Jesus, as depicted in the Bible, as a carpenter, a man who worked with his hands, and a symbol of the dignity of labor

Bourgeoisie

A class of business owners, merchants and wealthy people

Friendly societies

Emerged as vital organizations, providing financial and social support to working-class families facing illness, death, or unemployment, filling gaps left by the lack of state welfare systems

Luddites

Members of amovement of English textile workers who opposed the use of certain types of automated machinery

Unionization

The creation and growth of modern trade unions