3.2.2 Biotechnology
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Last updated 1:38 AM on 3/7/25
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10 Terms
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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
An artificial method of replicating DNA under laboratory conditions.
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Denaturation
The first step in PCR where the reaction mixture is heated to break hydrogen bonds between nucleotides, separating the DNA strands.
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Annealing
The second step in PCR where the reaction is cooled to allow primers to bind to the DNA strands.
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Extension
The third step in PCR where the temperature is increased to the optimum for Taq DNA polymerase to build complementary strands of DNA.
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Taq DNA polymerase
An enzyme used in PCR to create new strands of DNA.
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Gel electrophoresis
A technique used to separate and isolate DNA fragments based on mass/size.
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Restriction endonuclease
An enzyme that cuts DNA into fragments, producing different lengths for different DNA samples.
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Negatively charged DNA
DNA's charge due to the presence of a phosphate group on each nucleotide, allowing it to move in an electric field.
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Effect of fragment length in gel electrophoresis
Longer DNA fragments carry more weight and do not travel as far as shorter fragments during gel electrophoresis.
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Free nucleotides
The building blocks used by Taq DNA polymerase to create new DNA strands during PCR.
