Social Studies Chapter 25

The secretary of commerce that became the Republican candidate for President in 1928; won a landslide victory and became president and held the office through much of the Great Depression

Herbert Hoover

Buying and selling stocks in the hope of making a quick profit

speculation

A system where investors paid a small part of a stock’s price as a down payment and borrowed the rest

buying on margin

October 29, 1929; investors sold 16.4 million shares of stocks at prices much lower than they had been selling for a month earlier that created a plunge in stock prices

Black Tuesday

The first event of a terrible economic depression; the plunge of stock prices that took place on Black Tuesday

Crash of 1929

The worst economic depression in the history of the U.S that took place from 1929 to WW2; affected millions across the globe as hard times spread worldwide

Great Depression

Government-funded projects to build public resources that were supposed to create jobs; Hoover softening on his stand against government relief- his actions proved too little to late

public works projects

A group of World War I veterans that marched on D.C. that wanted their promised bonuses early because of joblessness and the depression

Bonus Army

The new Democratic President that held office starting in 1933; created a number of programs to help the economy

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR)

Radio talks in which FDR explained his policies in a warm; friendly style

Fireside Chats

FDR’s programs to fight the Depression

New Deal

The session of Congress lasting from March 9 to mid-June 1933; a time period in which Roosevelt sent Congress a pile of new bills

Hundred Days

The three major-goals of the Hundred Days

relief; recovery; reforms

a n act in which workers and employers made payments into a special fund from which they would draw a pension after they retired; Social Security Act; also gave help to laid-off workers

disabled workers

A set of programs passed in 1935 after te first hundred days

Second New Deal

Using borrowed money to fund government programs

deficit spending

A 150K-square-mile region that was deeply affected by dust storm

Dust Bowl

The first lady/wife of FDR that worked to help poor Americans that also acted as FDR’s “eyes and ears”

Eleanor Roosevelt

A labor union that broke from the AFL in 1938 that was more open to women and minorities

Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

An effective bargaining tactic that consisted of striking workers remaining idle inside their plants rather than walking off their jobs to prevent strikebreakers to do the work

sit-down strike

A federal agency that watches the stock market and makes sure follow fair practices for trading stocks

Securities and Exchange Commission

A person that favors government action to bring about social and economic

liberal

A person that favors fewer government controls and more individual freedom in economic matters

conservative