Plant cells function

Cell Wall

Provides structural support and protection; maintains the shape of the cell (in plant cells).

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like substance that holds organelles in place and facilitates chemical reactions

Endoplasmic reticulum

Transports proteins and lipids throughout the cell; rough ER has ribosomes for protein synthesis, smooth ER synthesizes lipids.

Cell membrane

Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell; maintains homeostasis.

Nucleus

Contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell’s activities.

Chloroplasts

Conducts photosynthesis to convert light energy into chemical energy (found only in plant cells).

Ribosomes

Synthesize proteins by translating genetic instructions from mRNA.

Nuclear membrane

Protects the nucleus and regulates the movement of substances in and out of the nucleus.

Golgi apparatus

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery to different parts of the cell.

Amyloplasts

Store starch in plant cells.

Mitochondria

Generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration, producing ATP.

Cytoskeleton

Provides structural support, maintains cell shape, and facilitates cell movement and division.

Vacuole

Stores water, nutrients, and waste products; helps maintain turgor pressure in plant cells.

Peroxisomes

Break down fatty acids, detoxify harmful substances, and neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS)