SBI3U - First quiz review

Taxonomy

The science of naming organisms and assigning them into groups called taxa (singular

Biosphere

The part of the Earth inhabited by living organisms

Species

A group of organisms similar in shape and structure that can reproduce with each other (coined by John Ray)

Binomial Nomenclature

A two-word naming system for organisms using genus and species (e.g., Homo sapiens)

Carl Linnaeus

Father of taxonomy who created binomial nomenclature and classified organisms by structural similarities

Taxonomic Ranks

The hierarchy of classification

Dichotomous Key

A tool that helps classify organisms by offering two contrasting choices at each step

Homologous Structures

Similar structures in different species due to common ancestry

Prokaryote

Cells without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

Eukaryote

Cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Archae

Prokaryotic kingdom with unique cell walls, often living in extreme environments

Protista

Eukaryotic kingdom that is mostly unicellular, some autotrophic or heterotrophic

Fungi

Eukaryotic kingdom of heterotrophs with chitin cell walls

Plantae

Eukaryotic kingdom of multicellular autotrophs with cellulose cell walls

Animalia

Eukaryotic kingdom of multicellular heterotrophs without cell walls

Virus

A non-living particle containing RNA or DNA enclosed in a protein coat, only active inside a host cell

Virion

The inactive form of a virus outside a host cell

Nucleoid Region

The location of genetic material in prokaryotic cells

Chitin

The substance forming fungal cell walls

Cellulose

The substance forming plant cell walls

Protists

Eukaryotic organisms not classified as plants, animals, fungi, or bacteria

Plant-like Protists

Protists (algae) that contain chloroplasts and perform photosynthesis (autotrophs)

Animal-like Protists

Protozoa that are heterotrophic, lack cell walls, and are often motile

Fungi-like Protists

Slime moulds and water moulds that decompose or parasitize other organisms

Slime Moulds

Decomposer protists that feed on dead matter in cool, moist environments

Water Moulds

Protists that can parasitize plants and animals, such as P. infestans (caused the Irish Potato Famine)

Listeriosis

A foodborne illness caused by the bacteria Listeria, usually from contaminated dairy, meat, or produce

Lyme Disease

A bacterial infection spread by tick bites that often causes a bull’s-eye rash, fever, and joint pain

Gonorrhea

A sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by bacteria that affects the genitals, throat, or rectum

Meningitis

An infection that causes swelling of the membranes around the brain and spinal cord, leading to headache, fever, and stiff neck