Scioly 2024/25 Materials Science Save Groups

Sci Oly Mat Sci

Face centered cubic

What crystal structure is this?

Body centered cubic

What crystal structure is this?

Simple cubic

What crystal structure is this?

Hexagonal close packed

What crystal structure is this?

amorphous

solids that lack a systematic and regular arrangement of atoms

rapid cooling

how can the formation of an amorphous solid be favored?

coordination number

the number of adjacent atoms to a respective atom in a crystal structure

atomic packing factor

volume of atoms in unit cell/volume of unit cell

vacancy

defect where a lattice site does not contain an atom

self-interstitial

defect where an atom positioned in between lattice sites (in a spot that's not normally occupied)

atomic size, crystal structure, electronegativity, valences

factors that determine whether an impurity is substitutional or interstitial

edge dislocation

what type of defect is this?

screw dislocation

what type of dislocation is this?

mixed dislocations

most common type of dislocation - it contains components of multiple other types

grain boundary

The line of contact between crystals in a crystalline substance

optical microscopy

Microscopy technique that uses visible light passed through or reflected from a sample

transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to produce an image

scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

a beam of electrons scans the surface of a whole specimen - reflected electrons are collected and displayed

scanning probe microscopy (SPM)

a physical probe scans the surface of a specimen and maps the topography by detecting a property such as electron tunneling current or atomic force

ductile fracture

what is happening in this picture?

brittle fracture

what is happening in this picture?

anions surrounding a cation are all in contact with that cation

what makes a crystal structure stable?

rock salt structure

what type of ionic structure is this?

cesium chloride structure

what type of ionic structure is this?

zinc blende structure

what type of ionic structure is this?

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

what compound comprises most ceramics?

structural clay products

include building bricks, tiles, and sewer pipes

whitewares

Fine-textured ceramics used in dinnerware, tiles, and sculptures.

glass transition temperature

The temperature at which a noncrystalline material transforms from a supercooled liquid into a glass

pressing

glass forming technique used to produce thick pieces such as dishes

blowing

glass forming technique used to produce jars, bottles, and light bulbs

drawing

glass forming technique used to form rods, tubing, and fibers

Alumina (Al2O3) and silica (SiO2)

the two compounds that clay is (mostly) comprised of

slip casting

process whereby ceramic powder is mixed with a water-based liquid to form a mass or slip. the slip is pressed into a form and baked at high temperature

vitrification

the stage during firing when a clay or glaze loses its porosity and transforms into a hard, nonabsorbent, glasslike state

powder pressing

The formation of a solid material by the compacting of fine particles under pressure.

tape casting

A process for making thin sheets of ceramics using a ceramic slurry. The slurry is cast with the help of a blade. The resultant green tape is then dried, cut, and machined.

thermal shock

the fracture of a body resulting from thermal stresses induced by rapid temperature changes

chemical inertness, hardness, wear resistance, and low coefficient of friction

what properties make ceramics good for biomedical applications?

face centered cubic

Which crystal structure is most commonly found in ceramics?

limestone and clay

what is cement made of?

cement and other minerals

what is concrete made of?

property of materials that have multiple different crystal structures

allotropy