AP afam unit 2 part 2

Covert Resistance to slavery

Refers to subtle forms of opposition and defiance by enslaved individuals against their conditions, often including acts of sabotage, work slowdowns, and the preservation of cultural practices.

concentration of former African
soldiers

in the military, often leading to the establishment of all-black regiments in various armies during and after the Civil War.

1526 Spanish Settlement Revolt

A significant uprising by enslaved Africans against Spanish colonists in Florida, marking one of the earliest documented revolts in North America.

Gabriel’s Rebellion

An 1800 slave uprising led by Gabriel Prosser in Virginia, aiming to march on Richmond and demand freedom. It was thwarted before execution, resulting in stricter slave laws.

German Coast Uprising, 1811
(aka Louisiana Revolt of 1811

A major slave revolt in Louisiana where enslaved people rose against their masters, seeking freedom and autonomy. It was one of the largest and most significant slave uprisings in U.S. history.

Interregional impact of slave revolts

The phenomenon where slave revolts in one region influenced abolitionist movements, policy changes, and perceptions of slavery in other areas, leading to widespread social and political consequences.

Religion inspired revolts

were uprisings driven by the collective faith and spiritual beliefs of enslaved individuals, often invoking religious symbolism to challenge oppression and seek liberation.

Charles Deslondes

He was a key leader of the German Coast Uprising in 1811, rallying enslaved people for the revolt against their oppressors.

Madison Washington

an enslaved cook, led a mutiny aboard the slave brig, Creole, which
transported enslaved people from Virginia to New Orleans. Washington seized the ship and sailed it to the
Bahamas, knowing that the British had ended slavery in the West Indian colonies in 1833. As a result, nearly
130 African Americans gained their freedom in the Bahamas.

Growth of free Black population

By 1860,
free people were 12% of the Black population

mutual-aid societies

funded
the growth of Black schools, businesses, and independent churches and supported the work of Black writers
and speakers

Black women activists

used speeches and
publications to call attention to the need to consider gender and Black
women’s experiences in antislavery discussions

Black women activists called attention to the ways that they experienced the

combined effects of race and
gender discrimination

women’s
suffrage movement

Black women activists fought for abolitionism and the rights of women which paved….

Maria Stewart

free Black woman from New England and was the
first Black woman and first American woman to give a
public address.

Maroon communities

often in
remote and hidden environments beyond the purview of enslavers

self-emancipated

people who “ran away”
from slavery) people and those born free in the community

autonomous
(free) spaces

formerly enslaved people created here African-based languages and cultural practices blended
and flourished, even as maroons faced illness, starvation, and the constant
threat of capture

Great
Dismal Swamp

African Americans formed maroon communities in areas such with Indigenous communities 

Quilombo dos Palmares

largest
maroon society in Brazil, lasted nearly 100 years

Bayano

ed a maroon community of over a
thousand people in wars against the Spanish for several
years in Panama starting in 1552. After five years, his
community was destroyed but he was set free by a
Spanish governor who did not see a crime in wanting to be
free. He united another community and continued his raids
on plantations throughout Panama. He was captured and
then sent to Peru where he was treated as a mini celebrity.
He was later shipped to Spain where his expenses were
paid by the royal treasury.

Queen
Nanny

Led the Jamaica’s Maroons

Jamacian Maroons

irst enslaved Africans in the New
World to reclaim their freedom through successful
resistance. Born around 1685 in Ghana, Nanny endured
the Middle Passage and then escaped enslavement on
the island and joined the Maroons

How many enslaved Africans survivied the middle passage and landed in Brazil?

5 Million

capoeira

a martial art developed by enslaved Africans that combines music and call-and-response singing

congada

celebration of the King of Kongo and Our Lady of the Rosary

Brazil’s free
Black population grew significantly due to what?

ncreased frequency of manumission

ncreased frequency of manumission

release from
slavery

Seminoles

member of an Indigenous people of the Creek confederacy, noted for resistance in the 19th century to encroachment on their land in Georgia and Florida, and now living mainly in Oklahoma

Who were some African Americans enslaved by

ndigenous people in the
five large nations (Creek, Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole)

slave codes, created slave patrols

Indigenous assisted in the recapture of enslaved Black people who fled for freedom